. If a female athlete has irregular menstrual periods, female athlete triad  what long-term complication could develop as a result?

Which of the following vitamins reduces the risk of neural tube defects, also known as spina bifida, if taken enough during pregnancy?              

Removing buccal exostoses would require which type of flap classification? 

For a 24 year old patient with severe inflammation, height of bone 1-2mm apical to CEJ, and non-significant medical history apart from controlled asthma with an albuterol inhaler, which of the following treatments would be the most appropriate?

Case #1:  Scenario: An 18-year-old female presented with the chief complaint: “I want my smile back. I was in an accident and lost my front teeth”. She reported no  medical conditions.  Dental history: clinical health with no significant probing depths, bleeding on probing, or mobility. The treatment plan for implants from #6–11 was generated in collaboration with the restoring dentist. In order to address the malalignment on the mandibular arch, an orthodontist was consulted after the tooth vitality was confirmed by an endodontist. Once confirmed, a combination of bone grafting materials was used on the maxillary ridge.     In the case above, the periodontist opted for bone grafting material from a cadaver bone. This is called a(n):

This type of flap design is typically used for pocket eradication/elimination procedures, and widening the zone of attached gingiva

A furcation with gingival coverage and extensive bone destruction that permits probing into, but not through the furcation area, would most likely be classified as a Glickman:

A patient presents to the Graduate Periodontal clinic with a Grade II furcation on #30 lingual, and mandibular exostoses (tori) approximating teeth #28-#31.  The periodontist elevates a flap, and reduces the mandibular exostoses via osseous procedure. They then use the removed exostoses bone from the patient to regenerate the furcation defect on #30.  Using the bone from the patient’s tori to regenerate the furcation defect is known as a(n): 

Case #3 Scenario: A 49-year-old male patient had been seen earlier by his general dentist and was later referred to a periodontist for evaluation. When he presented to the initial evaluation, his chief complaint was “I have tenderness in the upper front gum area and it bleeds when I brush.” The patient is medically healthy and takes Aspirin occasionally for headaches.  The crowns in the maxillary central incisors had been delivered 3 months earlier. Periodontal exam revealed dental plaque–induced gingivitis and gingival (pseudo) pockets in the maxillary anterior sextant with 100% bleeding on probing in this sextant. Radiographic exam revealed normal bone levels throughout the dentition. It was clear that the margins of these crowns were more subgingival than the desired location, and accumulating plaque.   Which of the following is a probable cause for the gingival condition observed in relation to the maxillary central incisors?

Select the first step in addressing peri-implant mucositis?