Never remоve cultures, оpen dishes, оr inoculаted loops from the lаborаtory.
The scientific nаme Bаcillus subtilis refers tо а rоd-shaped bacterium fоund in soil. What can you infer from the name?
RATIOS LIQUIDITY RATIOS Rаtiо Descriptiоn Rаtiо Computаtion CURRENT RATIO CURRENT ASSETS /CURRENT LIABILITIES ACID TEST (CURRENT ASSETS - INVENTORY)/CURRENT LIABILITIES CASH FLOW LIQUIDITY (CASH AND EQUIVALENTS + MARKETABLE SECURITIES + CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES) / CURRENT LIABILITIES AVERAGE COLLECTION PERIOD NET ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE/(AVERAGE DAILY SALES ie (SALES/ 365) DAYS INVENTORY HELD INVENTORY / AVERAGE DAILY COST OF SALES (365) ie (COST OF SALES/365) DAYS PAYABLE OUTSTANDING ACCOUNTS PAYABLE / AVERAGE DAILY COST OF SALES ACTIVITY RATIOS Ratio Description Ratio Computation ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE TURNOVER NET SALES / NET ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE INVENTORY TURNOVER COST OF GOODS SOLD / INVENTORY PAYABLES TURNOVER COST OF GOODS SOLD / ACCOUNTS PAYABLE FIXED ASSET TURNOVER NET SALES / NET PROPERTY, PLANT & EQUIPMENT OR NET SALES/(AVE PPE,net) TOTAL ASSET TURNOVER NET SALES / TOTAL ASSETS ***NOTE - In the text, some ratios, especially turnover ratios are computed using the average number for the year (Beg of the Year Number + End of Year Number)/2. This is the more exact measurement. The ratios above assume that the beginning of the year and end of the year numbers are approximately the same. Use the ratio equations I have provided unless instructed differently. PROFITABILITY RATIOS Ratio Description Ratio Computation GROSS PROFIT MARGIN GROSS PROFIT / NET SALES OPERATING PROFIT MARGIN OPERATING PROFIT / NET SALES NET OPERATING PROFIT MARGIN (NOPM) NET OPERATING PROFIT(after tax) /NET SALES NET OPERATING ASSET TURNOVER (NOAT) SALES / AVERAGE NET OPERATING ASSETS NET PROFIT MARGIN NET PROFIT / NET SALES CASH FLOW MARGIN CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES / NET SALES RETURN ON TOTAL ASSETS (ROA) NET EARNINGS / TOTAL ASSETS RETURN ON NET OPERATING ASSETS (RNOA) NET OPERATING PROFIT(after tax) / AVERAGE NET OPERATING ASSETS RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE) NET EARNINGS / STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY CASH RETURN ON ASSETS CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES / TOTAL ASSETS RNOA Disaggregation into Margin and Turnover RNOA = NOPAT/AVE NOA = (NOPAT/SALES x SALES/AVE NOA) NOPAT = Net Operating Profit after tax NOA = NET OPERATING ASSETS LIQUIDITY RATIOS Ratio Description Ratio Computation CURRENT RATIO CURRENT ASSETS /CURRENT LIABILITIES ACID TEST (CURRENT ASSETS - INVENTORY)/CURRENT LIABILITIES CASH FLOW LIQUIDITY (CASH AND EQUIVALENTS + MARKETABLE SECURITIES + CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES) / CURRENT LIABILITIES AVERAGE COLLECTION PERIOD NET ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE/(AVERAGE DAILY SALES ie (SALES/ 365) DAYS INVENTORY HELD INVENTORY / AVERAGE DAILY COST OF SALES (365) ie (COST OF SALES/365) DAYS PAYABLE OUTSTANDING ACCOUNTS PAYABLE / AVERAGE DAILY COST OF SALES