64. A 22-year-old Black male is started on primaquine for malaria prophylaxis. Three days later he develops back pain, dark urine, and a falling hematocrit. His blood smear shows ‘bite cells’. Which disorder does this presentation most likely reveal?

67. All blood cells originate from a single type of precursor cell in the bone marrow. What is this precursor called?

7. True or False: A pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space, destroying the negative pressure (vacuum) that normally holds the lung open, causing the lung to collapse.

45. Ascites in cirrhosis results from which combination of factors?

30. Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes ‘walking pneumonia.’ Which features distinguish it from typical (bacterial) pneumonia?

51. Gallstones are most commonly composed of which substance, and what diagnostic test most easily confirms their presence?

59. A postpartum patient develops sudden bleeding from IV sites, surgical wounds, and mucous membranes following an emergency cesarean section for placental abruption. Laboratory values show dangerously low platelets, low fibrinogen, and elevated D-dimer. Which condition is this?

13. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is unique among bacteria because it can survive in the acidic stomach environment. What specific mechanism allows it to colonize the stomach?

33. When the body’s immune system cannot eliminate Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it attempts to contain the organism by forming a granuloma. What is a granuloma, and what does its wall consist of?

43. Cirrhosis causes portal hypertension through which mechanism?