When a police officer or a federal agent says they have probable cause to apply for a search warrant to search a residence, what do they mean?   Note: I will NOT accept the general, popular, and vague definition of probable cause:  “A reasonable ground to suspect that a person has committed or is committing a crime or that a place contains specific items connected with a crime”.  

According to the law of demand, the quantity of a good demanded in a given time period:

Assume that the current market price is below the market clearing level. We would expect:

If the equilibrium price has decreased, and the equilibrium quantity has increased in the market for toothpaste, what could have caused this?

An example of substitute goods would be

There will be fill-in-the-blank questions on our exams and quizzes, which ask you to supply suitable words to complete the sentences. To prepare for this type of questions, please read the course packet. This review will only provide the following example: Economics is a science of ___________. Note: It is a challenging task for computers to grade verbal questions. To avoid complications, the answer to each question in the warm-up quiz is a single word. Answers to questions in exams can consists of any number of words. Please make sure of your spelling and capitalization. Please do not enter unnecessary symbols or blank spaces. Double-check before you submit your answers.    

Assuming pizza is a normal good, if your income increases, then your demand for pizza will _______ and quantity demanded for pizza will _______.

Which of the following would shift the supply curve for gasoline to the right?

The highest-valued alternative outcome that one needs to give up is the ___________ cost of the outcome she selects.

According to the law of supply, a supply curve: