If effluent is discharged that contains large amounts of solids, these solids will settle at the bottom of rivers and lakes as a sludge blanket. This often results in the development of a strong odor. Explain why that happens.

which of the properties below are determining coated sheet properties 

A flow spreader accomplishes the following 

Supercalendering is often used on coated paper. What effect does supercalendering have on the coated paper surface?

What effect is called “rimming” (in the dryer section)? Why can this be an issue, and what is done to keep its impact to a minimum?

What is cast coating? Explain this type of coating. What kind of paper is coated with this process? 

What function does the felt have in the press section? List two functions.

Pigment content (in %) of coating colors is around 

Where on a paper machine would you find “rectifier rolls” (sometimes also called Hollow rolls)? 

List three types of headboxes and indicate which one you would use only for extremely slow machines (if at all) and which one for extremely fast machines.