Which of the following is a substitution instance of the argument form “All A are B; No B are C; So, no A are C”?   1.All mammals are dogs; No mammals are fish; So, no fish are dogs. 2. All dogs are fish; No dogs are mammals; So, no fish are mammals. 3. All fish are dogs; No dogs are mammals; So, no fish are mammals. 4. All dogs are mammals; No fish are mammals; So, no dogs are fish.

The definition of validity requires that an argument to actually have true premises and a true conclusion to be valid.   

According to the weather report there is a low disturbance that will produce heavy rains and cold tomorrow. So, most likely tomorrow will rain.  The above argument is 

A statement is 

If the store is open then the lights are on. But the store is not open. So, its lights are not on.  The structure of the above argument is:      

 Since some Chevrolts are black and some Chevrolets are trucks, it necessarily follow that Chevrolet makes at least some black trucks.  Is the above valid or invalid? If invalid, construct your own counterexample. You do not need to submit it.  

Is the following argument invalid?   Some historical texts are scientific texts. All scientific texts are truth-stating. So, some truth-stating texts are not historical texts. 

What is the standard tool used by mental health care professionals to promote an accurate diagnosis and treatment for mental disorders called?

Rape is a forcible sexual act and one of violence.

What is the drug that may be abused, is currently listed as a Schedule I drug, but is now legal in a number of states?