Who typically is at risk for a B12 deficiency?

Deficiency of both B12 and vitamin A may negatively affect bone.

A function of retinoids is to increase blood clotting.

Decreased gastric acid secretion in older adults causes a diminished ability to absorb protein-bound vitamin B12.

Although crucial for embryonic development, excessive maternal vitamin A intake serves as a teratogen, increasing the risk of congenital abnormalities like anotia, microtia, and brain malformation.

Vitamin A participates in methyl donation.

Both vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and folate (vitamin B9) are essential components of one-carbon metabolism?

The parietal cells produce intrinsic factor (IF).

Cobalamin donates a methyl group to 5-methyl THF.

The MTHFR gene mutation impairs the body’s ability to efficiently convert 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate into 5-methyltetrahydrofolate.