The league that influenced Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison as a role model of cooperation and unification was the Achaean League.

The initial shift from village to city inhabitation took place in Mesopotamia, known to the Greeks as “The Land Between the Rivers” and to modern historians as 

Although early writing was produced using pointed sticks, Sumerian scribes c. 3100 B.C.E. advanced writing with durable reeds that:

The important administrator of the pharaoh Djoser who initiated pyramid building in the “step” style was:

In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the dramatic confrontation between the demi-god Humbaba and the warriors Gilgamesh and Enkidu illustrates:

Sargon of Akkad (c. 2350 B.C.E.) is significant because he:

The Law Code of Hammurabi:

The most important cultural center in the Hellenistic world was:

Tens of thousands of Sumerian clay tablets have survived:

The defeat of the Assyrians and destruction of Nineveh in 612 B.C.E. was: