See information provided in Canvas and feel free to do your own research to fill in the blanks and answer the question below.   QUESTION: How are bacteria able to develop resistance to antibiotics so quickly? ANSWER: Bacteria multiply [1] which allows for rapid changes in the population. Antibiotics kill off the more susceptible (sensitive) but [2] the more resistant bacteria. This [3] the percentage of resistant bacteria in the population. As these bacteria increase in number, they increase the resistance of the population to the [4].    

Using a metric ruler, measure the Zone of Inhibition in mm (round up to the next millimeter), and record the measurements in the table blanks below.  Based on the ‘Zone Diameter Interpretive Table’, indicate the degree of sensitivity of the bacterium [resistant (R), intermediate (I), or susceptible (S)] to each antibiotic tested. Bacterial species tested: Staphylococcus aureus.  Table for results of the measurements of Z.I. Antimicrobial Zone Diameter (mm) Sensitivity P10 [1] [7] SXT [2] [8] NB30 [3] [9] E15 [4] [10] N30 [5] [11] TE30 [6] [12]    

In the space below, please provide examples from the discussion that show a quality claim, procedure, result 1, result 2 and conclusion.  You may pull directly from a classmates, but be sure to cite your source.    (Claim:…. (John Doe, accessed Feb 2, 2023); Procedure: … (Jane Smith, accessed Feb 2, 2023), etc).    If you can’t find a quality example of each you may reword examples until you think it meets the requirements.  Make sure you use the rubric to help guide your answers.  If you upload make sure it is a doc, docx, jpg, or pdf.

BONUS [up to 2 points] – bonus points will have to be entered by hand. Answer Question #A: Observing the plates pictures in the Simulator: Which of the three Kirby-Bauer Test plates shows evidence of the increased number of cases of bacteria resistance to antibiotics ? Choose one and fill in the blank:  E. coli, or  P. aeruginosa, or  S. aureus. (Spelling counts). 

If you inoculated a plate with a lawn of the Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, tested against Ampicillin (AM10), and the zone of inhibition measured 20 mm, what would you conclude about the effectiveness of this antimicrobial in controlling the bacterium? (Use the ‘Zone Diameter Interpretive Table’).  [Reminder: Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram positive bacterium]. The Z.I. measuring 20 mm for S. aureus, according to the Table, would signify that this bacterium is _ _ _ _ _ to Ampicillin.

In general, the larger the zone of inhibition, the more [1] the bacterium is to the antibiotic on the disk. 

If you inoculated a plate with a thin uniform layer of the bacterium tested Staphylococcus aureus, tested against Penicillin (P10), and the zone of inhibition measured 16 mm, what would you conclude about the effectiveness of this antimicrobial in controlling the bacterium? (Use the ‘Zone Diameter Interpretive Table’).  The Z.I. measuring 16 mm for S. aureus, according to the Table, would signify this bacterium is _ _ _ _ _ to Penicillin.

If an antimicrobial disk is placed on a plate with a susceptible bacterium, a clear area (clear zone) appears around the disk where growth has been inhibited, and this area is called [a].

The reason for the selection of specific antimicrobial(s) or antibiotic(s) after a Kirby Bauer test results interpretation is: 

Using specific evidence from the lab simulation, fill out the table below. Question: Claim: Evidence: Justification: