The NIH and the Lacks family adopted controlled access to the data rather than either unrestricted publication or withdrawal of the data altogether. For each of the two rejected options, state the interest it would have failed to protect, and identify a specific feature of the agreement that addresses that interest. (3 pts)

Even this application is not accepted by everyone. State the objection, and identify the premise the objection rests on. (2 pts)

Which sequence correctly orders the enzymatic events of this pathway? (2 pts)

From these counts, the allele frequencies are: (2 pts)

Explain what “recessive” and “dominant” mean in this specific context — that is, what must happen to the two copies of the gene in each case before the cell’s behaviour changes. (2 pts)

State the most likely mode of inheritance. Then, to support your conclusion, name one specific individual or mating that argues against each of the following: autosomal dominant inheritance, Y-linked inheritance, and X-linked dominant inheritance. Explain each briefly. (3 pts)

Part 3 — Applied Problems (30 points)Three problems, 10 points each.

(a) A dividing skin cell is exposed to ultraviolet light. Two adjacent thymines on the same strand become covalently joined to each other. (b) In a different cell, replication has just finished and a G is found paired with a T in the newly synthesised strand; the polymerase’s proofreading activity did not catch it.

Explain what changes about the decision when PGD is used to select a trait rather than to prevent a disease. Then name one practical factor, unrelated to the ethics of the trait itself, that limits how widely PGD is used. (2 pts)

Part 2 — Data Interpretation (24 points)Three problems