Before signing up for the class, the students wanted to know ______ the class would be taught by. 

Mahatma Gandhi’s close English compatriot during the freedom movement was  Charles Freer Andrews.

If you earn 858 points in this course, your letter grade will be:

In dialogue writing, quotation marks indicate

The ending punctuation of the sentence must go ____________________ the quotation mark. 

Rewrite ONE sentence from the paragraph below and add “show not tell” details. Desiree received a phone call telling her that she had won a contest and had won a free trip to Disney World. At first she thought the call was from someone playing a joke on her, but finally they convinced her it was true. She was really excited and asked lots of questions to get all the details.

Beginning around 5500 BCE, people had begun to establish settlements in southern Mesopotamia, the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It was here that the Sumerian civilization emerged.  Ancient Sumerian technology pioneered advancements in agriculture, engineering, and mathematics that shaped civilization. One important invention was the process for making an alloy of tin and copper into bronze, which marked the beginning of the Bronze Age in Mesopotamia.  In this period, bronze replaced stone as the material for tools and weapons and remained so for nearly three thousand years.  Cuneiform script emerged as a writing system in Sumer around 3000 BCE.  Cuneiform was a very complex writing system, and literacy remained the monopoly of a group of highly trained specialists called scribes.  Sumerians wrote their laws, religious tracts, and property transactions on clay tablets, which became very durable when baked. The clay tablets held records of commercial exchanges, including contracts and receipts as well as taxes and payrolls. Cuneiform also allowed rulers to record their laws and priests to preserve their rituals and sacred stories. In these ways, writing helped facilitate both economic growth and the formation of states.   The Sumerians were polytheistic, meaning they worshiiped many gods.  Each Sumerian city had its own patron god and residents built a huge temple complex for religious rituals called a ziggurat.  The temple complex also included the homes of the priests, workshops for artisans who made goods for the temple, and storage facilities for offerings.  Sumerians wanted to please their gods by placing them at the center of their society. The gods could be fickle, faithless, and easily angered.  If displeased with the people, the gods might bring famine or conquest. Making sure the gods were praised and honored was a way to maintain peace and prosperity.  QUESTIONS: 1. According to the reading, what were the key innovations of the Sumerians? 2.  What was the impact of the development of writing? 2. How were gods honored and served in the Sumerian religion? Your answer must be in your own words and supported by specific evidence from the reading.  Your answer must be a minimum of 75 words.   

Source: Katarina Kratovac, “New Discovery Shows Slaves Didn’t Build Pyramids, Egypt Says,” Associated Press, January 11, 2010.Egypt displayed newly discovered tombs that belonged to workers on the Great Pyramids of Giza and said they provide more evidence that slaves did not build the ancient monuments. The series of nine-foot-deep shafts held a dozen skeletons, perfectly preserved by dry desert sand along with jars that contained beer and bread meant for the workers’ afterlife.  Egypt’s archaeology chief said that discovery show that the workers were paid laborers, rather than the slaves. Such tombs would not have been built for slaves.  One popular myth was that ancient Israelite slaves—ancestors of the Jewish people—built the pyramids.  Amihai Mazar, professor of archaeology, says that myth was  mistaken … “No Jews built the pyramids because Jews didn’t exist in the period when the pyramids were built.”  Professor Mazar says. … “The pyramid builders came from poor Egyptian families from the north and the south and they were respected for their work – those who died during construction were given the honor of being buried in the tombs near the sacred pyramids of their pharaohs.” … Though they were not slaves, the pyramid builders led a life of hard labor, said Adel Okasha, supervisor of the excavation. Their skeletons have signs of arthritis. … “Their bones tell us the story of how hard they worked,” Okasha said.  Source: Interview with Zahi Hawass, Director General of Giza in 1997 to the PBS show NOVA.NOVA: From your excavations of the workers’ cemetery you say you found skeletons. Did you analyze the bones, and if so, what did you learn about the workmen?HAWASS: We found 600 skeletons. And we found that those people were Egyptians, the same as in every cemetery in Egypt. We found evidence that those people had emergency treatment. They had accidents during building the pyramids- we found 12 skeletons who had accidents with their hands.  And they supported the two sides of the injured hand with wood- like a splint  And we have another one, a stone fell on his leg, and they made a kind of operation- they cut off his leg and he lived 14 years after that.NOVA: How do you know that?HAWASS: Because we have a team here from the National Research Center and they used an x-ray machine.  They found that the age of death for those workmen was from 30 to 35. They were paid by the king and there were the technicians who cut the stones and workmen who moved the stones and they worked in rotation. They came by early in the morning and they worked fourteen hours from sunrise to sunset. QUESTIONS: 1. What evidence do modern experts use to find out about the lives of the workers on the pyramids? 2. Based on thses sources, what was life like for the pyramid builders?   Your answer must be in your own words and supported by specific evidence from the reading.  Your answer must be a minimum of 75 words.  

4.  What is the penalty for submitting an assignment 2 days late?

Choose the option that correctly punctuates the hyphen in the sentence below.    Bingo was Janine’s well trained dog.