Which is a primary purpose of an umbilical arterial catheter?

Which statements describe appropriate assessment of a neonatal endotracheal tube? A satisfactory tip lies in the middle thoracic trachea between the inferior clavicular border and the carina. A tip above the clavicles indicates that the tube is too deep. A tip at the carina ensures equal aeration and reduces the risk of displacement. A mainstem position may overaerate one lung and cause atelectasis in the other.

A postterm newborn with a low APGAR score develops respiratory distress. The chest radiograph shows coarse patchy opacities alternating with hyperinflated areas. Which diagnosis is most consistent with these findings?

Which findings help evaluate possible group B streptococcal pneumonia? The film may show low lung volumes and diffuse hazy opacities similar to RDS. The absence of pleural fluid distinguishes it from RDS. No organisms other than group B streptococcus cause neonatal pneumonia. A pleural effusion favors GBS pneumonia over uncomplicated RDS.

Air elevates the neonatal thymus and creates a spinnaker sail appearance. Which air-leak syndrome is present?

Which direction of mediastinal shift is expected with right-sided atelectasis caused by volume loss?

Which statements about radiographic density and the silhouette effect are correct? Air produces the brightest white appearance. Metal is highly radiopaque and appears bright white. Fat has the same radiographic whiteness as bone. Alveolar fluid next to the heart may obscure the heart border through the silhouette effect.

Which statements are consistent with neonatal pneumothorax? Pulmonary vascular markings remain visible beyond the pleural line. The involved pleural space may appear unusually lucent without expected vascular markings. On a supine AP film, pleural air may collect laterally, medially, or in a subpulmonic location. Ventilated neonates with RDS or MAS are at increased risk.

Which sequence lists radiographic densities from brightest white to darkest black?

Which findings or risk factors support respiratory distress syndrome in a neonate? Prematurity is the most significant predictor. The classic film has large volumes with coarse patchy opacities and focal hyperinflation. The lungs may have a diffuse ground-glass or hazy appearance. Air bronchograms may be present.