Are credit cards counted as part of the money supply (M1 or M2)?

A bank pays depositors 4% interest on savings and earns 7% interest on loans it issues. This 3-percentage-point gap (the “spread”) is the bank’s primary source of:

When the Fed raises the IORB rate (e.g., from 2.0% to 2.5%), what mechanism causes the market federal funds rate (FFR) to rise toward the new IORB?

Which of the following best distinguishes commodity money from fiat money?

The U.S. economy enters a recession. Unemployment is rising and inflation has fallen below the Fed’s 2% target. The FOMC decides to lower its federal funds rate target range to stimulate the economy. Using the 4-step expansionary monetary transmission chain from your Ch 15 lecture slides, which of the following statements are correct? (Select all that apply.)

Select all three functions of money.

The Federal Reserve serves as “lender of last resort” to the banking system, and the FDIC insures deposits. Which statement is correct about how these institutions protect the banking system?

Headline: Unemployment soars while inflation remains steady. Based on the Fed’s dual mandate, what is the most likely policy response?

There are two eras of Fed operating frameworks. Which best describes the post-2008 “ample reserves” framework that the Fed uses today?

The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports inflation running at 6%, well above the Fed’s 2% target, while unemployment is low at 3.7%. Based on the Fed’s dual mandate and modern tools, what is the most likely policy response?