Despite high rates of spontaneous mutation at the sites described in the last question, E. coli continue to engage in cytosine methylation at these sites, indicating that methylation of this site is more important to cell survival than the potential damage of DNA mutation. Briefly, explain why you think E. coli do not abolish this methylation activity.

A linear DNA molecule has “n” number of EcoRI sites. How many DNA fragments will be produced after digestion with EcoRI? (note: “digestion” means being cut)

Gene H encodes an important protein involved in detecting sound. Individuals with an hh genotype have normal hearing. Individuals with an Hh genotype have an 85% lifetime risk of developing sudden, complete hearing loss. The H allele can be said to be….

A fragment of DNA has been submitted for Sanger sequencing and sequencing gel is shown below. What must have been the sequence of the original (template) strand of this fragment?

Which term refers to a muscle’s ability to respond to a stimulus?

IN YOU OWN WORDS, outline the four steps of muscle contraction.  Name the steps and include the major events.

Which term refers to a muscle’s ability to “snap back” or recoil after being stretched?

Which of the following accurately describes a sarcomere?  

The troponin subunit that binds calcium is:

This muscle fiber type has fast ATPase and requires oxygen for ATP production.