A 51-year-old woman presents with nephrolithiasis. Laboratory testing reveals persistently acidic urine with a pH of 5.2. Which type of stone is most likely?

A 58-year-old woman presents with lateral shoulder pain that worsens when reaching overhead to place dishes in a cabinet. Examination demonstrates positive Neer and Hawkins impingement tests. Which diagnosis is most likely?

A 30-year-old woman presents with sudden severe right flank pain radiating toward the groin, nausea, vomiting, and microscopic hematuria. Which diagnosis is most likely?

A 23-year-old recreational soccer player twists her right ankle after landing on another player’s foot. The ankle rolled inward and the foot turned inward. Examination demonstrates lateral ankle swelling and tenderness. Which type of ankle sprain is most likely?

A 72-year-old woman is newly diagnosed with osteoporosis without contraindications to therapy. Which medication class is considered first-line treatment?

A 25-year-old woman who is 18 weeks pregnant presents with suspected appendicitis. Which imaging study is preferred initially?

Dr. J’s neighbor is about 1.5 months old. According to the stage theories outlined in your book, which of the following statements below is TRUE? 

Imagine that a graduate of high school experienced racism in the past. Perhaps they felt that teachers limited their opportunities or judged them unfairly based on race. Imagine that this child then comes to college and expects for teachers, professors and advisors to also treat them different than others based on race. Imagine that the student expects the same thing that happened to them previously to occur again, and as a result, they put less effort into their studies and academic work. In this example, what issue is leading to this person’s abilities being underestimated by his grades?

Rule 1 – Do not use the internet in any ways at any time in completing this exam.Rule 2 – Do not work with anyone in completing this exam. Rule 3 – Do not borrow ideas from other sources besides your class notes, class videos or class textbook without talking to Dr. J

During the later stages of early childhood, children began to adjust their schemas to be more specific and accurate in helping them respond to several different life challenges. For instance, when Ella was 5 years-old, she would prefer to eat 10 small M & M’s, as opposed to one large candy bar, even though the candy bar is bigger. She thought that more pieces meant more candy!! However, it wasn’t long before Ella began to _________________ her existing schemas and realize that more pieces does not ALWAYS mean more quantity of objects. At this stage, Ella began to master Piaget’s concept called _______________.