9. A scientist studies a population where individual measurements are very uneven and not bell-shaped. He still uses sample averages to estimate the population mean. Why is this reasonable?

12. A basketball player tracks how many shots he makes out of 50 attempts during practice to estimate how often he makes a basket. What is he calculating?

1. Why does the Central Limit Theorem help us estimate a population average when we only use samples?

4. What is the gambler’s fallacy?

13. On a bell-shaped curve showing test scores, what does it mean if a student’s score is far to the right?

8. Why do cancer clusters sometimes look suspicious even when they are caused by chance?

10. Why can statistics lead to seemingly unfair decisions in areas like insurance or policing?

Which option correctly defines the mean, median, and mode?

You are playing a game where you flip a coin and get Heads, and then immediately roll a die and get a 4. What is the probability that you get Heads AND a 4 (The “AND” Rule)?

A student creates a line graph to show how the temperature of a liquid changes during a heating experiment. Time is measured in minutes, and temperature is measured in degrees Celsius.Which setup correctly represents this information on a line graph?