Part 3 Essay Question (40%): Your essay should have an introduction with a clear and specific thesis, a body with evidence, and a conclusion that reinforces your central argument. Select the option you feel the most comfortable with and answer it to the best of your ability. You may find it helpful to write out a brief outline of the essay before you begin writing.Choose ONE (1):Compare and contrast the civilizations of Ancient Mesopotamia.  How did Mesopotamian leaders legitimize their authority and effectively manage their empires?  In what ways did these civilizations expand their territories and incorporate new people into their area of rule?Despite the absence of sustained political unity, what allowed for some level of cohesiveness among Indian society?  What cultural elements loosely unified the subcontinent?  What role did the environment play in terms of allowing Indian cultures to flourish?How do Homer’s epic poems illuminate significant cultural values of the Ancient Greeks? What were the three most important Greek cultural values? Describe some key figures from the Iliad – how do these figures reflect Greek values as well as tragic flaws? What lessons would these figures have taught an audience of Ancient Greeks that may have heard this poem?

During the Abbasid Caliphate, the Muslim world underwent a cultural flowering. Perhaps the best-known cultural artifact of the era is a collection of folktales called [BLANK-1]. Attributed to the young bride Scheherazade, tales include Sinbad the Sailor, Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, and Aladdin and His Lamp. While the stories are fictional and embellished folklore, this became the main way in which Europeans came to imagine Islamic lands over the course of centuries.

(02.01 MC)The question below refers to the following image.© The Granger Collection / Universal Images Group /ImageQuest 2024How does the pamphlet reflect a similar motivation for settlement in Virginia as settlers in New Spain?

The Roman Republic never truly recovered from the dictatorship of a Roman general known as [BLANK-1]. Dictator was an official Roman position, and it was not unusual for a man to be granted the title of dictator during a crisis; however, the position only lasted for six months, after which the dictator had to relinquish power. Around 81 B.C.E., this man became dictator but refused to give up power once his term had ended, ruling another nine years. This breach of Roman political etiquette essentially shattered the constitution of the Roman Republic, ushering in decades of civil war.

Author of Antigone and Oedipus Rex, [BLANK-1] was the most important Greek tragedian.

Name the female reproductive structure labeled  2.  ChatGPT Image Mar 28, 2026 at 01_23_15 AM.jpeg

Ancient Egypt’s fiercest foe during [BLANK-1] was a group of Indo-Eurasian speaking people who settled in Anatolia known as the Hittites. In 1258 B.C.E., Pharaoh Ramses II established a peace treaty with this group but it failed to lead to continued peace between the groups. This period of Egyptian history also saw Akhenaten’s religious revolution as well as an emphasis on military expansion.

(02.01 MC)The question below refers to the following excerpt.Instructions from Kiliaen van Rensselaer for Bastiaen Janz Krol…First, Krol shall try to buy the lands hereafter named for the said Rensselaer, from the Mahijcans, Maquaas or such other nations as have any claim to them, giving them no occasion for discontent, but treating them with all courtesy and discretion…He shall also…write to me all the particulars thereof, to wit…how much flat and arable land there is along the river…, stating what kinds of wood, soil, stone, minerals and the like there are…Having bought the islands, that he convene not only the respective chiefs but all the people, in order to make the payment in the presence of them all, and that he takes then the chief of each nation to the island of the Manhates [Manhattan] to confirm the purchase before the director and council, and that he have the same recorded among the resolutions and send me a copy.Source: Kiliaen van Rensselaer, merchant & director of the Dutch West Indies Company, Instructions to Bastiaen Jansz Krol, January 12, 1630Rensselaer’s requirement that Krol must bring Native American leaders to Manhattan “to confirm the purchase before the director and council” most directly reflects

(02.01 MC)The question below refers to the following excerpt.Instructions from Kiliaen van Rensselaer for Bastiaen Janz Krol…First, Krol shall try to buy the lands hereafter named for the said Rensselaer, from the Mahijcans, Maquaas or such other nations as have any claim to them, giving them no occasion for discontent, but treating them with all courtesy and discretion…He shall also…write to me all the particulars thereof, to wit…how much flat and arable land there is along the river…, stating what kinds of wood, soil, stone, minerals and the like there are…Having bought the islands, that he convene not only the respective chiefs but all the people, in order to make the payment in the presence of them all, and that he takes then the chief of each nation to the island of the Manhates [Manhattan] to confirm the purchase before the director and council, and that he have the same recorded among the resolutions and send me a copy.Source: Kiliaen van Rensselaer, merchant & director of the Dutch West Indies Company, Instructions to Bastiaen Jansz Krol, January 12, 1630The details in the second paragraph of the excerpt best reflect

The artifacts of a people called [BLANK-1] were recently discovered by archaeologists. These people thrived in the Indian Subcontinent from ca. 2500-2000 B.C.E. The discovery is important as it shows advanced indigenous civilization in India prior to the conquest by outsiders during the Vedic Age. This society had a written language and very advanced civic planning (with uniformed brick structures, streets, and even a sewer system). Mohenjo-Daro is one of the large and impressively planned cities of this society.