Briefly (150 words maximum) explain who Frederick McManus was and the effect he had on American Catholicism, according to historian Mark Massa.

Which document from Vatican II was most influenced by American delegates?

Vatican II issued dogma. 

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions: Da bambino, vidi Krampus durante una festa nel mio paese. Quella sera, uomini mascherati indossarono pelli scure e portarono catene rumorose. Krampus arrivò nella piazza, agitò una frusta e spaventò i bambini che erano stati cattivi. Io avevo un po’ di paura, ma ero anche curioso. Alla fine, capii che quella tradizione era una festa importante per tutti nel paese. Krampus fu una figura terrificante della tradizione alpina, diffusa soprattutto in Austria e nel nord Italia che accompagnò San Nicola durante la notte del 5 dicembre per punire i bambini cattivi.  Which verb corresponds to the infinitive “to see” in the paragraph? [1] Is the verb “arrived” in the first person singular (io), third person singular (lui/ei) or third person plural (loro)? [3] In the sentence “I was a little afraid,” what tense is the verb “was”? [4] Which verb indicates a continuous or habitual action in the past? [5] Which verb is not in imperfetto? [6] Which verb in the sentence “Krampus fu una figura terrificante della tradizione alpina” is in the passato remoto tense? [2]  

Based on the lecture materials given in class, identify and briefly explain three innovations to the liturgy encouraged by Sacrosanctum Concilium.

A sedated ICU client receiving assist-control ventilation suddenly becomes restless. The ventilator alarms sound, peak airway pressures drop significantly, and the client is able to speak in a hoarse voice. SpO₂ falls from 96% to 84%. The endotracheal tube is visibly displaced above the vocal cords. What is the nurse’s priority action?

A client with known severe peripheral arterial disease presents with sudden worsening rest pain, a pale cool foot, delayed capillary refill, and diminished pedal pulses. The vascular team diagnoses acute-on-chronic critical limb ischemia and transfers the client to the ICU. Which intervention should the nurse anticipate as the priority to preserve limb viability?

A sedated client on assist-control ventilation (VT 450 mL, RR 16, FiO₂ 40%) suddenly triggers a low-pressure and low exhaled tidal volume alarm during repositioning. The ventilator shows exhaled VT 0–50 mL and peak airway pressure drops from 20 cm H₂O to 6 cm H₂O. SpO₂ decreases from 95% to 92%. The client is calm and not triggering breaths. The ventilator tubing is noted to be stretched tightly across the bed rail. What is the nurse’s first action?

A 68-year-old with end-stage COPD presents with severe dyspnea and worsening confusion. ABG: pH 7.26, PaCO₂ 72 mm Hg, PaO₂ 50 mm Hg on 2 L NC. The patient is tachypneic (RR 34), using accessory muscles, and has copious secretions. He vomited once in triage. Which intervention is most appropriate to prevent further respiratory decompensation?

A 72-year-old with COPD is started on BiPAP for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. After 1 hour, which findings indicate therapy is effective?