To help reduce bias, the technique of ____________ is often used to sort participants into groups in a clinical trial. If the researchers want some characteristics to be ‘equal’ in both groups (like gender and age, for example), another technique known as ________________ is used during the process.

    MULTIPLE CHOICE:   According to the textbook, there is an unspoken belief among most people in Japanese culture that putting deep feelings into words somehow lowers or spoils their value. It is believed that Understanding which is gained without words is more precious than that which is gained through talking. This is an example of patterns of communication found in a ______ culture.

P2026 – To maximize your health and longevity the research shows that you should eat primarily:

Selene is working on a clinical trial using a cross-over design.  Half of the participants are consuming high amounts of cruciferous vegetables for the first 4 weeks of the study, while the other half eat their regular diet. The participants will ‘switch’ group assignments for the second 4 weeks of the study, but there is a one week _______ in between these two 4-week sessions in which the participants must all completely avoid cruciferous vegetables so that what happened during the first 4 weeks doesn’t influence the second 4 weeks.

TB2020 – Which of the following statements is NOT accurate about Trans or Hydrogenated fats?

MULTIPLE CHOICE:  Which of the following statements best describes the characteristic perspective within what is known as a “weak” Uncertainty-Avoidant culture? [This is a scholarly term. Think Carefully]

  Sender / Receiver / Message / Feedback / Context / Channel /  “Noise”(Interference) I hope that you recognize this list as signifying the primary elements present in every communication situation (I call them the Big 7).  As you know, communication competence in these elements is difficult under any circumstances, and when the communication is intercultural, there are additional considerations and challenges. Give two(2) illustrations of an added Intercultural influence on these elements.  First, discuss “Context”, and then discuss any other one(1) element of your choice from the list.  Your illustrations should be concrete examples* of special considerations for handling that element effectively when the encounter is intercultural in nature.   You can think of your answer as adding a segment to Edward T. Hall’s  book, Beyond Culture, by giving additional examples of how “Communication is Culture”.    * “Concrete example” means you should cite something specific you have read about, observed, or experienced regarding how that element is impacted when it is in an Intercultural situation. 

a. Is the abstract below an example of primary or secondary research? b. If primary identify the research design utilized and if secondary, identify the type of article (literature review, systematic review, or meta-analysis)  c. Explain WHY you chose the type of article/type of research identified in part b. ________________________________________________________________ Breast cancer risk factors have been examined extensively in Western setting and more developed Asian cities/countries. However, there are limited data on developing Asian countries. The purpose of this study was to examine breast cancer risk factors and the change of selected risk factors across birth cohorts in Malaysian women. A study was conducted from October 2002 to December 2016 in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 3,683 cases and 3,980 controls were included in this study. Unconditional logistic regressions, adjusted for potential confounding factors, were conducted. The breast cancer risk factors were compared across four birth cohorts by ethnicity. Ever breastfed, longer breastfeeding duration, a higher soymilk and soy product intake, and a higher level of physical activity were associated with lower risk of breast cancer. Chinese had the lowest breastfeeding rate, shortest breastfeeding duration, lowest parity and highest age of first full term pregnancy. Our study shows that breastfeeding, soy intake and physical activity are modifiable risk factors for breast cancer. With the increasing incidence of breast cancer there is an urgent need to educate the women about lifestyle intervention they can take to reduce their breast cancer risk.

P2025 – Maria ate 2 cups of brown rice topped with one cup of mixed vegetables. According to the Exchange List, approximately how many grams of carbohydrates did she consume?

a. Is the abstract below an example of primary or secondary research? b. If primary identify the research design utilized and if secondary, identify the type of article (literature review, systematic review, or meta-analysis)  c. Explain WHY you chose the type of article/type of research identified in part b. The World Health Organization recommends 1500 to 2000 mg of calcium daily as supplementation, divided into three doses, for pregnant persons in populations with low dietary calcium intake in order to reduce the risk of preeclampsia. The complexity of the dosing scheme, however, has led to implementation barriers. We conducted two studies of calcium supplementation, in India and Tanzania, to assess the noninferiority of a 500-mg daily dose to a 1500-mg daily dose of calcium supplementation. In each, the two primary outcomes were preeclampsia and preterm birth. A total of 11,000 pregnant women were included in each study. The cumulative incidence of preeclampsia was 3.0% in the 500-mg group and 3.6% in the 1500-mg group in the India trial and 3.0% and 2.7%, respectively, in the Tanzania trial – findings consistent with the noninferiority of the lower dose in both trials. The percentage of live births that were preterm was 11.4% in the 500-mg group and 12.8% in the 1500-mg group in the India trial, which was within the noninferiority margin of 1.16; in the Tanzania trial, the respective percentages were 10.4% and 9.7%, which exceeded the noninferiority margin. In these two studies, low-dose calcium supplementation was noninferior to high-dose calcium supplementation with respect to the risk of preeclampsia. It was noninferior with respect to the risk of preterm live birth in the trial in India but not in the trial in Tanzania.