Donna feels very committed to her husband, Paul. They have been together for a really long time, they’ve been through a lot of therapy and she has worked really hard to keep the two of them together; but, Paul still gets violent with her for no reason. Donna is staying in the situation largely because she feels that she has put in too much effort to leave the relationship behind. Donna is experiencing:

Altruism is a behavior that increases another person’s welfare, especially when the behaviors don’t provide a direct reward to the person who performs them. The difference between regular helping and true altruism lies in:

Maria lost her temper during an argument with one of her friends recently, and feels very guilty about doing so. As a way of cleansing herself from her perception that she’s violated her own ethical standards, Maria offers to help her friend with a bunch of different tasks. Maria is experiencing:

Jared was raised in an individualistic culture. He tends to go into situations where he will help someone with a “you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours” mentality. This is an example of the:

Emily is a little nerdy, and loves participating in team math competitions on weekends. Her team works together to arrive at a clearly correct answer to the problem that is being posed, which means that they are engaging in a:

In a study that involved investigating the behaviors and reputations of fraternities on a college campus, researchers found that the fraternities that were the most wild, unruly, and aggressive were also the fraternities whose members had the highest levels of _________ in their blood. We can see that this is an example of the connection between increased aggression and high levels of this particular chemical.

Donna is driving down the street and gets into a car accident. The police officer who comes to the scene asks how fast the other car was going when it smashed into her. She says about 45mph- she’s very confident in her judgment and believes that she is not as susceptible to the influence of bias as other people. Why is this?

A jury meets to listen to a serious court case, and must come to a conclusion about the defendant’s guilt or innocence. The group’s task involves the ability to make a decision or judgment, which means that the task is a:

You’re on vacation and you all watch the movie Jaws. The next day, you and your buddies decide to go to the beach. As your friend Josh is swimming, he starts to yell and struggles to swim. You panic, and think that Josh is being attacked by a shark. In reality, Josh is just a very bad swimmer and needs to be saved from drowning. Why did you initially think that Josh was getting attacked by a shark?

Despite being primed with the parable of the Good Samaritan, priest-in-training students didn’t tend to stop to help a person in need during an experiment at a seminary school. This is because: