Garcia and Koelling’s findings on taste aversion in rats challenged the previously accepted principle that

After three weeks of working at the university library, Akiko formed a mental picture of the layout of the library and is now able to go quickly to the correct shelves. Akiko has developed a

Research has found that we are especially likely to learn from people we perceive as

Tuyet works especially hard at her coffeehouse job in April, hoping to win the Employee of the Month award at month’s end. In this case, the award is a _____ reinforcer.

On the first day of class, Alka tells the students in her chemistry class that they will be quizzed at unpredictable times throughout the year. Studying for Ms. Scott’s class will clearly be reinforced on a _____ schedule.

Habib is teaching his miniature poodle, Misu, to jump over hurdles. Initially, he gives Misu a treat for approaching the hurdle; then, only for jumping up in front of the hurdle; and finally, only for jumping over the hurdle. Habib is using the method of

A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after a specified number of responses is called a _____ schedule.

A sevenfold increase in children’s violent play after they viewed violent cartoons illustrates the role of television as a source of

In operant conditioning, escape from a punishing event is a _____ reinforcer.

After a long walk to campus in uncomfortable shoes, Mwebantu sits down on a bench and enjoys resting their aching feet. They have a few minutes before class, so they check their social media feed and feel pleased that many friends have liked their recent post. In this case, sitting down is a _____ and the social media likes are a _____.