Raw Scores are very meaningful and should always be reported.

A child has a percentile rank of 21. How many standard deviations is this score above or below the mean or between what standard deviations? Or is it within average range?

Stating the directions differently than what is printed in the test manual can have an effect on:

Criterion-Referenced Tests do not attempt to compare an individual’s performance to another individual, instead they identify what a client can and cannot do compared to a predetermined criterion

Basals and Ceilings do not vary among tests so there is no need to look at the test manual.

Standard Scores are a more accurate representation of an examinee’s ability than age or grade equivalents because they are based not only on the mean at a given age level but also on the distribution of scores.

Most of the published tests speech-language pathologists use are criterion-referenced tests.

A child has a percentile rank of 51.  How many standard deviations is this score above or below the mean?  Or is it within average range/within normal limits?

The test can be given multiple times and obtain stable results.

The test says it will assess what it claims to assess.