The amount of land needed to produce all the resources someone uses and to absorb all the CO2 they release through their choices is called their:

What is gross primary production?

A hot spot of endemism would have

Which of these predictions of the Equilibrium Model of Island Biogeography is least supported by evidence?

A coastal country is facing a collapse of its fish stocks due to overfishing. Which of the following solutions is most likely to promote long-term recovery of fish populations?

A) A vampire bat shares food with a sibling who is starving, increasing the sibling’s survival chance by 40%. The cost to the donor is a 10% reduction in its own survival. The donor and recipient are full siblings (i.e. they share the same mother and father). Does this food-sharing behavior satisfy Hamilton’s Rule, and is it likely to be favored? (Need to show calculations to receive full credit) B) Now consider a scenario where the same bat is sharing food with a starving grandparent, increasing the grandparent’s survival chance by 40%. The cost to the donor remains a 10% reduction in its own survival. The relatedness coefficient between the donor and grandparent is r=0.25. Does this food-sharing behavior satisfy Hamilton’s Rule, and is it likely to be favored? (Need to show calculations to receive full credit)

Part 1 – Multiple Choice/Fill-In/True or False/Matching Questions.

A population of beetles is being studied, and the following life table summarizes the survivorship and fecundity data: Age (x) Survivorship (lx​) Fecundity (mx​) 0-1 1.0 0 1-2 0.6 1.0 2-3 0.3 1.5 3-4 0.1 0.5 A) Using the life table, calculate the net reproductive rate (R0​) (Need to show calculations to receive full credit). B) Determine whether the population is growing, shrinking, or stable.

The level of ecological organization that focuses on a single living individual is the [organism] level, while the level that examines groups of the same species living in the same area is the [population] level.

A) A team of ecologists is studying a population of snails in a marsh. During the first sampling, they capture and mark 120 snails before releasing them back into the population. A week later, they recapture 150 snails, 30 of which are marked. Calculate the size of the snail population. (Need to show calculations to receive full credit). B) After carefully observing the recaptured animals, the researchers discovered that 10% of the marked snails actually lost their marks during the study period. Adjust the population estimate to account for this mark loss. Hint: The true number of marked snails in the second sample (R′) can be recalculated as: R′=R/(1−Mark Loss Rate). (Need to show calculations to receive full credit).