A patient with acute back pain is given a Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) unit to use at home.  The Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) provides detailed instruction on the care and use of the unit.  Which one of the following activities is NOT the responsibility of the patient?

A PTA is preparing to apply a moist heat pack to a patient following exercise. The patient is disoriented, inconsistently follows commands, and cannot reliably report discomfort. What is the MOST appropriate clinical decision?

A PTA applies a modality that provides a comfortable sensory input and notices the patient reports less pain only while the modality is on. Which pain mechanism BEST explains this response?

The Physical Therapist Assistant is performing a manual muscle test for supination.  The patient is able to perform the motion against gravity as well as hold the joint at midrange and tolerate moderate resistance against gravity.  Based on this information, what strength should the Physical Therapist Assistant report?

A Physical Therapist Assistant is performing a manual muscle test on the hip flexors in sitting and finds the patient unable to flex the femur against gravity. What position would the Physical Therapist Assistant next place the patient in order to assign a grade?

A patient reports ongoing pain despite minimal findings on imaging. Which explanation BEST reflects how pain is processed in this situation?

Volumetric measurements involve which one of the following?

Which statement BEST reflects the philosophy regarding the role of physical agents in a plan of care?

Which one of the following best describes how to accurately locate the proximal aspect of the Tibialis Anterior muscle to perform a therapeutic Ultrasound? 

All of the following are typical physiological effects with massage EXCEPT: