_______________, or “judge-made” law, originated from judges deciding cases based on legal customs during medieval England. 

Traffic and ___________________ are the most common specialized units in American police departments. 

__________is the power to review laws made by the legislature and decide whether they align with constitutional standards.

The __________- Amendment prevents cruel and unusual punishment.

The word ____________  means groups of people who make laws, such as the Congress of the United States or the lawmaking bodies in all states.

Police constables became known as “___________” after Robert Peel.

_____________ means the guilty act. 

In the landmark case of _________________ (1976), the Court ruled that “Deliberate indifference by prison personnel to a prisoner’s serious illness or injury constitutes cruel and unusual punishment contravening the Eighth Amendment.”

Jails are usually run by a _____________ and hold different types of prisoners.

 _____________ are responsible for handling cases involving state laws, such as traffic violations, property disputes, or criminal cases within state borders.