Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), sometimes called “forever chemicals”, are known endocrine disruptors. However, other health effects are suspected. Below is a data plot from a study (Lau et al. 2003) that looked at the effects of exposure of the mother to PFOS (a type of PFAS) during fetal development in rats. They compared survival rates of the baby rats in a control group to five treatment groups of increasing fetal exposure doses up to 10mg/kg per day. Based on the data patterns in the figure, which of the following statements is/are TRUE? (mark all that are true)

EXTRA CREDIT QUESTION Frogs are important species in environmental toxicology because they absorb chemicals through their skin. They are often one of the first species affected by environmental toxic contamination. Which of the following is a term for a species like this? (HINT: We didn’t talk much about this in class, but a process of elimination will lead you to the correct answer.)

Order: Elixophyllin 0.24 g p.o. stat Supply: theophylline (Elixophyllin) elixir 80 mg/5 mL Give: __________ mL Label your answer as typed in the question!!!

Order: Septra suspension 400 mg p.o. bid Supply: trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Septra) oral suspension 200 mg per 5 mL Give: __________ mL Label your answer as typed in the question!!!

Order: Lortab Elixir 5 mg po prn pain Supply: Lortab Elixir 7.5 mg/ 15 mL Give: __________ tsp. Label your answer as typed in the question!!!

Order:  morphine sulfate (Roxanol) oral solution 30 mg p.o. q4h prn, pain. Supply:  Roxanol oral solution 20 mg/5 mL Give: __________ mL Label your answer as typed in the question!!! Round to tenths place

Order: Dexamethasone 1 mg Supply: Dexamethasone 0.5 mg/tab. Give: __________ tablet(s) Label your answer as typed in the question!!!

A nurse is preparing to administer haloperidol 5 mg IM to a client. Available is haloperidol 50 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? Label your answer as typed in the question!!! Round to the tenths place 

Morphine 5.5 mg is prescribed for a patient. Stock ampules contain 10 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse draw up for the injection? Label your answer as typed in the question!!! Round to hundredths place  

The reverse engineering process includes all the following steps EXCEPT: