In a GPCR-mediated signal transduction pathway that involves adenylyl cyclase, when does the signal first begin to diffuse throughout the entire volume of the cytosol?

When Epidermal Growth Factor EGF binds its receptor, a signal is transduced inside the cell involving activated forms of Sos, Ras, and MAPK.  Match activation requirements to each of those molecules.

What is the major Ca2+-binding protein in virtually all eukaryotic cells?

PLC cleaves ______ into ______ and ______.

When the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ is high, ______ is recruited from the ______ to the ______.

During RTK activation, _____ of the extracellular and intracellular domains allows the ____ of the activation loop, so that ____ can occur at the C-terminal tails.   

In epithelial secretory cells, Ca2+ signaling and the Adenylyl cyclase pathways cross talk. In one instance, PKA phosphorylates the IP3 receptor on the  ER membrane, making it more responsive to IP3. In this case, _____ calcium would be released when the PLC pathway is activated, maximizing the secretion.    

In the brainstem, which controls reflexes such as vomiting, the extracellular signal Substance P binds to a GPCR and triggers vomiting. In an attempt to prevent chemotherapy-induced vomiting, a new drug called Rolapitant has been developed. How can Rolapitant prevent vomiting?

Which of the following proteins adds inhibitory phosphates to the ATP-binding site in CDK1?

Many rainforest plants have potential anti-cancer properties. One such plant, P. cupana, was used to treat cancer in mice. After treatment, tumor growth was inhibited, and the cancer cells had decreased expression of cyclin D. What checkpoint of the cell cycle did the cells stop at based on this evidence?