The Black codes left no doubt that the former breakaway Confederate states intended to maintain ________  at all costs.

Advancements in ________ matched the pace of growth seen in industry and home life.

The end of the Civil War saw the beginning of ________ ?

Steel magnate ________  has the prototypical rags-to-riches story.

Even families in rural America had new opportunities to purchase a greater variety of products than ever before, at ever decreasing prices. Those far from chain stores could benefit from the newly developed business of ________, placing orders by telephone.

In addition to southern African Americans, ___________  shifted the demographics of the rapidly growing cities.

In 1864 and 1865, Radical Republicans were most concerned with ________ ?

In ________, the U.S. Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which forbade further Chinese immigration into the United States for ten years. 

The date, June 19, 1865, would become the most popular annual celebration of the end of slavery, known as ________ .

The first amendment added to the Constitution since 1804, ________ overturned a centuries-old practice by permanently abolishing slavery.