Racial segregation of communities remained entrenched in the 1960s despite the expansion of neighborhoods of color. Integration did not occur because

As it relates to racial domination, symbolic power is best described as the power to

A 64-year-old woman presents for evaluation of recent loss of appetite, abdominal cramps, constipation, and “bright red blood” in her stool.  The patient reports that she was in good health until approximately 6 weeks ago, when she noted occasional cramps in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen associated with constipation. The episodes of cramping last about 30 minutes each and are most severe in the hour following her meals. She has taken laxatives which have partially relieved her symptoms, but she has had a decreased appetite and 12-pound weight loss over the past four weeks. In addition, she has become increasingly fatigued over this period. When questioned about her bowel  habits, she reported bright red blood in her stools and a smaller caliber (i.e. diameter) of stool over the past two weeks.   She appeared fatigued and distressed. Head and neck exams were normal, as was her thorax. Palpation of the abdomen revealed a 10 x 10 cm mass and tenderness in the left lower quadrant. Hepatomegaly was noted, and a hard and slightly tender liver edge was felt in the right upper quadrant. Bowel sounds were noticeably reduced.   Based on this information, which of the following conditions would you consider to be the most likely cause of the patient’s symptoms?

Pt. is a 48-year-old male with PMH significant for PUD, who presents complaining of sudden onset intense epigastric pain four hours ago.  Abdominal exam reveals rigidity on palpation in epigastric region; tympanic on percussion. Match the patient case with the correct Abdominal x-ray image below.               

A 48-year-old male presents for evaluation of recent onset dysphagia.  A barium swallow is ordered and the results revealed ‘bird-beak’ appearance of the lower esophagus, dilatation of the esophagus, and retention of barium in the esophagus (see image below).  Based on this information, which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?            

A middle-aged woman comes to her doctor complaining of profuse, bloody diarrhea and abdominal cramps which started this afternoon. She states that she went to a restaurant a day before and ate a hamburger “that looked pink and undercooked.”  She looks uncomfortable due to the cramps but not dehydrated. She has no fever and her blood pressure and pulse are within normal limits.  Which of the following pathogens is the most likely cause of this condition?

A 54-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of left lower quadrant pain, fever, and guarding. Vital signs reveal that the patient is hypotensive and tachycardic.  He appears septic.  Initial CBC results are as follows: WBC 15,000; Hgb 12.2; HCT 37%; Platelets 150,000.  WBC differential reveals a left shift. You suspect diverticulitis with a probable perforation.  Which of the following interventions would best confirm the diagnosis?

BONUS QUESTION: Pt. is a 54-year-old male with PMH significant for chronic alcohol abuse, who presents complaining of two-month history of intermittent, dull, aching, abdominal pain that radiates to the back, accompanied by weight loss, nausea, and frequent, foul-smelling ‘oily’ stools.  Which of the following conditions is revealed in the Abdominal x-ray?    

A 38-year-old male presents for initial history and physical at his new primary care provider office. He is currently asymptomatic but based on his sexual history, you decide to obtain screening hepatitis lab tests in addition to other screening tests. The following results are received from the laboratory: Hep A Ab negative HBcAb positive HBeAg negative HBsAg negative HBsAb positive Hep C Ab negative   Based on these results, which of the following interpretations is correct?

Mr. Jones, a 56-year-old male, presents with a chief complaint of abdominal pain, indigestion, weight loss, nausea and vomiting, and gray colored stools for the past month. His past medical history is positive for alcoholism. Lab results demonstrate an elevated serum amylase and lipase, decrease trypsinogen and positive fecal fat test.  Which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis?