TRUE/FALSE. Under the Pinkerton doctrine, a conspirator can be held liable for a substantive offense committed by a co-conspirator, even if the conspirator was not personally involved in or aware of the act, as long as the offense was committed in furtherance of the conspiracy.

Which of the following is not a goal of punishment in Criminal Law?

What was one major purpose of the Model Penal Code (MPC)?

TRUE/FALSE. In determining whether a defendant had constructive possession of narcotics, proximity to the drugs is NOT one of the factors to consider.

Lena is hiking in a remote wilderness area when a sudden wildfire breaks out, blocking all known trails. To escape, she breaks into a locked ranger cabin to use the emergency radio and take shelter. Days later, she is charged with unlawful breaking and entering. Which defense is Lena most likely to raise, and why?

Which of the following best distinguishes an affirmative defense from a failure-of-proof claim in a criminal trial?

Why did the court find that the defendant in State v. Booth (1999) was in possession of the drugs?

Which criminal punishment goal is based on the idea that offenders deserve to be punished for their actions, regardless of whether it prevents future crime?

In NY v. Burroughs (1998), three young men unleashed a hail of gun fire while shooting at each other. An innocent bystander was killed by one of the bullets and all three men were charged with second degree murder. They each raised self defense.  In New York, a person who reasonably believes that another is about to use deadly physical force is not free to reciprocate with deadly physical force if he knows that he can with complete safety as to himself and others avoid the necessity of so doing by retreating.”  Why did the court reject their self-defense claims?

The word laminectomy means