The template strand of DNA that encodes a particular tRNA molecule in a cell has the sequence:  5′-CTC-‘3.  These nucleotides are in the anti-codon portion of the gene.  The cell suddenly experiences a mutation and the above sequence changes to:  5′-TTC-3’.  In detail, describe what will happen.  Consider the genetic code, amino acids, and the overall effect of this mutation on the cell.  Be specific.

Prokaryotes, such as bacteria, reproduce by _______________.

The chromosomes that determine the sex of the organism are called _______________ and contain chromosome pair(s) _______.

Match the type of conjunctivitis with the predominant clinical findings

Jessica, age 10 months presents with URI symptoms and bilateral clear eye discharge with very mild  erythema of the bilateral palpebral conjunctivae. She attends day care and her mother indicates the day care provider told her to “get eye drops” to treat her eye infections” before returning to day care.  Your best response is:

John is a 12 year-old male who presents for a well child exam. He is mildly overweight (87th percentile) and, by history, is involved in little physical activity. His diet on review is high in processed foods and snacks. He is otherwise healthy. His family history is negative for hyperlipidemia or cardiovascular disease. His physical exam is unremarkable. You decide to check his cholesterol and HDL. The total cholesterol result is 176. The HDL is 28. A fasting lipid profile (FLP) is drawn 2 weeks later. The TC is 178, LDL is 130, HDL is 29, TG 131. The FLP is repeated in 1 month and the average value of total cholesterol in the 2 samples is 177 and the average value of LDL is 128. The best initial management plan would be:

Abiotic conditions are thought to be more important than ecological interactions as drivers of natural selection in the tropics.

For each of the following types of DNA/ genomes, fill in the blanks with the letter(s) of the description(s) that apply to that type of DNA.  Use the format “A B C”.  Enter a capital letter, put a single space between letters, and enter in alphabetical order.  Do not use punctuation. A. This DNA molecule is circular B. This DNA molecule is linear C. This DNA molecule is typically 3-4 million base pairs long D. This DNA molecule is found in multiple copies in the cell E. This DNA molecule relates to the phenomenon of homoplasmy and heteroplasmy F. This DNA molecule has a single origin of replication mtDNA [1] Bacterial chromosome [2] Plasmid [3] Eukaryotic chromosome [4]    

Please consider the figure carefully. Which colonies are valine auxotrophs that are streptomycin-resistant? Copyright 2025 by Dr. Jonathan A. Miller. All rights reserved. Online sharing or distribution is prohibited. For exam use only in BIOL& 260: Microbiology at Edmonds College. Outside help is not allowed.

Exam Question: Compare the following graphs of cases of COVID-19, and deaths from COVID-19, in Gibraltar. As of November 2021, Gibraltar had a nearly 100% vaccine rate in its population.   Images courtesy of The Financial Times. Copyright 2025 by Dr. Jonathan A. Miller. All rights reserved. Online sharing or distribution is prohibited. For exam use only in BIOL& 260: Microbiology at Edmonds College. Outside help is not allowed. 1. Based on the information in these two graphs, how do you think the vaccination rate of Gibraltar in January 2021 compared with the vaccination rate in July 2021? Explain. Note that you do not need exact percentages (you cannot determine this from the information provided), but rather you should qualitatively describe (e.g., high, moderate, low, etc.) estimated levels of vaccine coverage. 2. Do you think the information in these graphs should make us optimistic, or pessimistic, about our ability to control the pandemic? Explain. Please number your answers 1 and 2 and explain briefly but thoroughly.