A researcher asked random samples of 50 kindergarten teachers and 50 12th grade teachers how much of their own money they spent on school supplies in the previous school year. They wanted to see if teachers at one grade level spend more than teachers at the other grade level. In this study, it turns out that 12th grade teachers generally earn more money than kindergarten teachers. In this study, the  ‘income of the teacher’ is an example of a(n): [answer1] variable.

Suppose we wish to know if females at a university are less likely to believe in extraterrestrial life than males.  The hypothesis test to answer the research question is a [answer1] test for the [answer2].

Consider testing the hypotheses below: H0: p = 0.48  Ha: p > 0.48 If the standardized test statistic is  Z = 0.75, which is the only possible “correct” p-value and picture from the standard normal distribution?

Researchers are interested in finding out if there is any association between the number of hours a student works in a week and the number of classes they miss in a week.  Assume data was collected and they found a correlation of 0.326. Using this information, they calculated a p-value of 0.194. Determine whether each of the statements below is true or false.

Hill races are races that climb generally steep hills, held in Scotland throughout the year. They have a written history in Scotland dating back to the year 1040. The data set provides the record times (in minutes) for both men and women from 90 races held in 2008. Research Question: Does the data suggest, on the average, that the record time (in minutes) is faster for men when compared to women? This is an example of paired data because there are two recorded measurements for each [answer1].  On the average, the record holders for the men took 10.39 [answer2] minutes to complete the race. When using the paired t procedure, we [answer3] successful in reducing variation between the races, because the standard deviation for the differences: sd = [answer4] minutes is [answer5] the standard deviations found with the original two samples for men and women.

Researchers surveyed n = 25 stat 200 female students to determine how many days out of the week they consume one or more alcoholic beverage. Their goal was to see if there was evidence that females students in stat 200 had consumed alcoholic beverages more than 2 days per week, on the average. The relevant sample statistic is 2.30 days per week with a standard error of 0.332 days per week.  The p-value is 0.188. Correctly complete the p-value interpretation below: The chance of seeing a test statistic of [answer1] = [answer2] or any value [answer3] is [answer4], if in fact the [answer5] hypothesis is true.

Many drivers of cars that can run on regular gas instead buy premium gas in the belief that they will get better gas mileage (miles per gallon). To test that belief, a sample of 10 cars was obtained from a company fleet where all the cars can run on regular gas. Each car is filled first with either regular or premium gasoline, as decided by a coin toss, and the mileage for that full tank of gas is recorded. The mileage is again recorded for the same cars with a full tank of gas of the other kind of gasoline. The car drivers were unaware that they were participating in an experiment. Research Question: Does the data suggest, on the average, that the cars had a higher gas mileage (in miles per gallon) with premium gas when compared to regular gas? This is an example of paired data because there are two recorded measurements for each [answer1].  On the average, 2.0 [answer2] miles per gallon was achieved with regular gas.  When using the paired t procedure, we [answer3] successful in reducing variation between the types of gasoline, because the standard deviation for the differences: sd = [answer4] miles per gallon is [answer5] the standard deviations found with the original two samples for Premium and Regular gas.

Researchers are interested in determining if there is an association between the number of hours a student works in a week and the number of classes they miss in a week.  Assume data was collected and they found a correlation of 0.623. Using this information, they calculated a p-value of 0.014. Determine whether each of the statements below is true or false.

A randomly selected sample of n = 8 smart watch users completed a survey. These smart watch users indicated that they stood for an average of 16 minutes per day with a standard deviation of 4 minutes per day. The calculated standard error of the mean is 1.41 minutes per day. Assume that all conditions are met to use the theoretical t distribution for inference.  Which is the correct 90% confidence interval for the average minutes stood per day by Smart-watch users?

This table includes the total number of medals won at the 2022 Winter Olympics for countries that won at least one medal. Country Total Medals Won Country Total Medals Won 1. Norway 37 16. Slovenia  7 2. Republic of China 32 17. Australia  4 3. Germany 27 18. New Zealand  3 4. Canada 26 19. Hungary  3 5. United States 25 20. Great Britain  2 6. Sweden 18 21. Belgium  2 7. Austria 18  22. Czech Republic  2 8. Japan 18 23. Slovakia  2 9. Netherlands 17 24. Belarus  2 10. Italy 17 25. Spain  1 11. China 15 26. Ukraine  1 12. Switzerland 15 27. Estonia  1 13. France 15 28.Latvia  1 14. South Korea  9 29. Poland  1 15. Finland  8 The sample mean is 11.31 medals  Match the attribute of the sample with the appropriate answer.