SHORT ANSWER QUESTION #4: According to course materials only, explain inhibition as it involves enzymes, then list and differentiate between the two types of enzyme inhibition. (3pts) NOTE: When writing your short answer response, I am not looking for what Google or Chat GPT (or other generative AI programs) provides you as an answer to this question. Only responses derived from course materials shall be accepted.  

Genes are transcribed from DNA into RNA.  The RNA is then used to create a protein.  This entire process is called ________________. 

SHORT ANSWER QUESTION #2: According to course materials only, list and explain Koch’s four postulates, then provide two examples of scenarios discussed in class (bacterial or viral) by which Koch’s postulates do not apply. (6pts) NOTE: When writing your short answer response, I am not looking for what Google or Chat GPT (or other generative AI programs) provides you as an answer to this question. Only responses derived from course materials shall be accepted.  

When considering enzymes and the process of competitive inhibition, identify the true statement(s).    1. Competitive inhibition involves the destruction of an enzyme substrate at the active site.  2. Competitive inhibition involves competition with the substrate at the enzyme’s active site.  3. Competitive inhibition involves the alteration of an enzyme’s active site.  4. Competitive inhibition involves binding at an enzyme’s allosteric site.  5. Competitive inhibition may result in irreversible binding to an enzyme’s active site.   

A bacteriophage that can either replicate within a bacterium to cause cell lysis or alternatively, can go on to integrate as a prophage, is called a(n) _____.   

A frameshift mutation in a gene encoding for a protein generally results in the production of a non-functional protein.    

A(n) _____ infection is an infection by which a virus is continually present but lies dormant in the body for a period of time.   

SHORT ANSWER QUESTION #5:  According to course materials only, name the three phagocytic cells discussed during our survey of the immune system, and then indicate which of the three listed phagocytes is not an antigen presenting cell. Explain why that particular phagocyte is not also described as an antigen presenting cell. (5pts) NOTE: When writing your short answer response, I am not looking for what Google or Chat GPT (or other generative AI programs) provides you as an answer to this question. Only responses derived from course materials shall be accepted.  

ESSAY QUESTION #1: In essay format and according to course materials only, list and describe the stages (ie – the life cycle) of a lymphocyte. (10pts) NOTE: When writing your essay response, be sure to write in essay format. Points shall be deducted with improper use of grammar, spelling, and/or punctuation. I further expect to see well-constructed sentences with no errors in mechanics. I am not looking for what Google or Chat GPT (or other generative AI programs) provides you as an answer to this question. Only responses about the life cycle of a lymphocyte derived from material from the course lecture videos or course powerpoint shall be accepted. Further, as a ten point essay question, you must describe each stage of the life cycle of a lymphocyte in a way that shows me you understand the materials you learned directly from class. 

ESSAY QUESTION #1 In essay format and according to course materials only, living organisms may be classified into three domains. List each of the three domains, then provide the basic characteristics associated with each of the three domains. (6pts) NOTE: When writing your essay response, be sure to write in essay format. Points shall be deducted with improper use of grammar, spelling, and/or punctuation. I further expect to see well-constructed sentences with no errors in mechanics. I am not looking for what Google or Chat GPT (or other generative AI programs) provides you as an answer to this question. Only responses derived from course materials shall be accepted.