Scenario 3.1Tony is about to participate in his first 10K run. One of his friends told him to make sure to “carbo load” and to take a niacin supplement before the race. Tony had heard the term “carbo loading” before but was not sure why it was necessary and had no idea why he would need a niacin supplement. He had been training for months and was confident that he would finish the race easily and, therefore, did not heed his friend’s advice. On the day of the race, Tony was so excited it felt like he was flying through the first half of the race. Tony wanted to beat his current best time and was nearing the end of the race when he decided to pick up his pace to the finish line. Unfortunately, Tony became fatigued and had to walk to the finish line out of breath and with his muscles burning.Refer to Scenario 3.1. The term “carbo loading” refers to eating excess carbohydrates over a period of several days before running long distances. Why is this practice beneficial to long distance runners?

Describe and outline the process of a signal coming from a neuron to a skeletal muscle, from the action potential reaching an axon terminal end to the contraction and relaxation of the muscle. Include channels, ions, neurotransmitters,  motor proteins, regulatory proteins, structures and organelles involved.

Draw out the blood glucose homeostatic feedback mechanism that regulates what happens when you have just eaten. Indicate the stimulus, sensor, integrator, effector, response and result in your answer. Stimulus [Stimulus] Sensor/integrator [Sensor] Hormone released [Hormone] Effector [Effector1] [Effector2][Effector3] Response [Response] Result [Result]  

Which chamber pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit?

Scenario 3.1Tony is about to participate in his first 10K run. One of his friends told him to make sure to “carbo load” and to take a niacin supplement before the race. Tony had heard the term “carbo loading” before but was not sure why it was necessary and had no idea why he would need a niacin supplement. He had been training for months and was confident that he would finish the race easily and, therefore, did not heed his friend’s advice. On the day of the race, Tony was so excited it felt like he was flying through the first half of the race. Tony wanted to beat his current best time and was nearing the end of the race when he decided to pick up his pace to the finish line. Unfortunately, Tony became fatigued and had to walk to the finish line out of breath and with his muscles burning.Refer to Scenario 3.1. Tony was breathing heavily but still able to walk to the finish line. Why?

Which auditory ossicle transmits vibrations to the oval window?

Which of the following is associated with balance and spatial orientation?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the neuroglial cells?

Which three cranial nerves control the tongue and swallowing?

Which term describes the clumping of red blood cells during a transfusion reaction?