The citric acid cycle produces ATP directly.

Prokaryotes have multiple points of origin for DNA replication.

An endergonic reaction releases energy.

An enzyme’s role in metabolism includes:

Explain the difference between endergonic and exergonic reactions.

Part 2 Short Answer ID Terms (30%): A short answer ID should briefly address the basic journalistic questions: who or what, when, where, and why. Answers should be at least 4-5 sentences long. Be sure to discuss the historical significance – this is the most important part of your ID term. Do not leave any portion of the five options you choose blank – it is best to write something, even if you must guess somewhat. Partial credit is better than nothing.Answer FIVE (5) of the following terms:Alexander KerenskyBaron Georges-Eugène HaussmannBrown ShirtsCult of PersonalityGin and TonicThe Great DepressionThe Spanish Civil WarTrench WarfareVera BrittainVladimir Ilyich Lenin

French artist [BLANK-1] was involved in several of the new modern artistic movements of the Age of Anxiety in the early twentieth century. He attended the 1913 Armory Show in New York City, where audiences were perplexed by his proto-cubist, proto-futurist work of art titled Nude Descending a Staircase (many asked “where is the nude?”). He was also involved in the absurdist Dada movement. His Dadaist art installation from 1917, Fountain, was signed by the pseudonym R. Mutt and was simply a men’s urinal turned on its side and bolted to a base. These new modern artistic styles reflected the desire of artists to depict and interpret the complexities of modern life in new ways.

During WWI, more than a million Africans and Asians served as [BLANK-1] for the belligerent empires; more than double that number served as porters who carried equipment. These men volunteered for the position in order to gain food, clothes, or the promise of a better life when they returned home. Others were unwillingly conscripted by imperial powers. Many, however, were disillusioned with European civilization after seeing the death and brutality of the front during the war. Many others shed their belief that Europeans were superhuman when they saw them die in battle and were introduced to concepts such as nationalism. Despite their service, few saw many tangible benefits when they returned home and the newfound nationalism failed to immediately materialize into independence movements.

While modern artistic changes were developing before World War I, the conflict certainly affected the artistic vision and style of many artists. A landscape by British artist [BLANK-1] called The Mule Track (1918) demonstrates some of those changes. The artist had previously been influenced by the Realism movement and had painted easy-to-identify idyllic landscapes. After serving in the war, however, his vision changed. The Mule Track is a surrealist painting that shows a nightmarish landscape devastated by war. The painting shows dirt flying through the air (presumably from artillery shell explosions), dead trees, and a chaotic brown mass. The eponymous “Mule Track” is winding and jagged, broken in many places and leads through a treacherous land in the pitch of battle.

Part 3 Essay Question (40%): Your essay should have an introduction with a clear and specific thesis, a body with evidence, and a conclusion that reinforces your central argument. Select the option you feel the most comfortable with and answer it to the best of your ability. You may find it helpful to write out a brief outline of the essay before you begin writing.Choose ONE (1):Explain the outcome of World War II. Why did the Allies win, why did the Axis lose? Be detailed, and examine the various arguments historians have presented as potential answers to this question. Which of these arguments (or combination of arguments) do you find most compelling? Which arguments do you believe are insufficient in terms of explaining the outcome of the war?Trace the spread of communism following World War II. Where did communism spread during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s? How did these new communist countries differ from one another? What major challenges did new communist countries face, and how did their leaders seek to mitigate these challenges? What groups of people generally supported their new communist governments and what groups of people were marginalized by the new state?Chart the progression of Latin American populism that began in the 1950s and continued for several decades. What Latin American countries saw a wave of populism during this time? Who were the populist leaders and what were their demands? How did the United States subvert populist governments in Latin America? What led to the decline of Latin American populism? Describe the violence, oppression, and economic ruin that typified the successors to these populist governments.