A 65 year-old male presents to the Emergency Department (ED) following a fall at home. Two days following admission you receive a consult for a bedside evaluation of speech-language and swallowing function. Based on chart review, his neurological exam is significant for: Adequate force through the orofacial structures. Reduced speed of appendicular and axial movement, reduced range of motion, and difficulty initiating movements across orofacial structures. A. Based on this limited case history, name the lesion and associated disorder (2 points).  

A 63 year-old female presents to your clinic complaining of a hoarse vocal quality, resonance imbalance (i.e. hypernasality, nasal emissions) and difficulty swallowing. An oral mechanism examination reveals appropriate function of the masticatory, facial, and lingual muscles; however, you note markedly reduced soft palate elevation. C. What type of dysarthria do you suspect this patient has? (1 point).

The expiratory muscles (i.e. the rectus abdominus and transverse abdominus) become active:  

Contraction of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle results in abduction of the vocal folds; innervation to the PCA is provided by the recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X.

The basal ganglia and cerebellum contain large numbers of nuclei that modify movement on a minute-to-minute basis.

A 63 year-old female presents to your clinic complaining of a hoarse vocal quality, resonance imbalance (i.e. hypernasality, nasal emissions) and difficulty swallowing. An oral mechanism examination reveals appropriate function of the masticatory, facial, and lingual muscles; however, you note markedly reduced soft palate elevation. A. Based on this limited case history, name the lesion (1 point).

The haploid number of chromosomes in ferrets is 20. What is the diploid chromosome number? 

Given the parent cell shown below, which cell or group of cells represents telophase II?

The trait of medium-sized leaves in iris is determined by the genetic condition PP’. Plants with large leaves are PP, while plants with small leaves are P’P’. A cross is made between two plants each with medium-sized leaves. They produce 80 seedlings. Of the 80 seedlings produced from this cross, how many would you expect to have large leaves?

A diploid cell divides giving rise to two diploid daughter cells. What mechanism of division did this cell undergo?