In receptor-mediated endocytosis, receptor molecules initially project to the outside of the cell. Where do they end up after they enter the cell?

A transporter that pumps two solutes in the same direction is called a. . .

B. (4 pts) What basic role do G Proteins play in cell signaling?

Which of the following is true about protein domains?

4A. (4 pts) A drawing of an antibody is shown below.  Answer each question by referring to parts of the diagram. Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Which part(s) bind to target proteins? [question1] Which parts are variable? [question2] Which part of secondary antibodies gets labeled? [question3] Which part of the primary antibody does the secondary antibody bind to? [question4]    

What type of signaling involves extremely short-range signals that are carried by vesicles and then dumped into a gap or cleft before being received by a neighboring cell?

Which component, in the figure, represents a peripheral protein?

Researchers interested in studying possible interactions between lamellipodin (Lpd) and Mena performed the experiment below.  Lpd-FP4-2Mito is a fusino protein consisting of Lpd, the FP4 domain which has been shown to bind to Mena, and the 2Mito domain which has been shown to bind to the mitochondria.  The Lpd-Pro-Mito fusion protein is similar except that the FP4 domain has been replaced with a bunch of prolines that don’t really do anything other than act as a spacer.    Look at the immunofluorescence images and indicate which of the following was the most important result of this experiment.

Animals use enzyme-linked receptors that dimerize and then multiply-phosphorylate each other in order to propagate a signal.  These receptors are generally called. . .

Krause et al. were interested in determining whether the Lamellipodin protein (Lpd) was responsible for bringing Mena to the plasma membrane. In one of their experiments, they created a fusion protein in which red fluorescent protein was fused to the Lpd domain “FP4”, which predicted to bind to Mena, and also fused to the 2Mito domain which is predicted to bind to the mitochondria. They transformed this fusion protein into cells and used fluorescent microscopy to track this fusion protein and Mena. This experiment showed that. . .