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If you are using the eBook version of the textbook you should still be able to access it here during the exam: https://digital.wwnorton.com/275080/r/goto/cfi/272!/4  If you are using some other online version, please let me know!

A. (10 pts) Describe briefly (i.e., one sentence) each R of the 4Rs. B. (10 pts) Briefly describe how you would apply two of the four Rs similarly/differently when managing K vs. P fertilizers in a sandy soil low in both nutrients, using a long season crop like corn.

In which two situations will Ca availability increase the most on the CEC (select 2)?

(20 pts) Overfertilization with N is inefficient, resulting in unnecessary costs to growers and substantial environmental impacts. Using the concept of nutrient recovery and a yield optimum at 150 kg N ha-1, describe with words how yield, N uptake and N losses via leaching evolve as a function of N inputs, up to 250 kg N ha-1. In your description, you should also mention the shape of the relationships (e.g., linear, plateauing, exponential, etc.).

Most of a soil’s phosphorus is generally not found as phosphate anions in soil solution, but rather associated with different soil pools. Which of the following pools is not important for phosphorus removal from soil solution?

A. (10 pts) Soil health is the capacity of soil to function as a living ecosystem. Describe how soil organic matter/carbon can impact biological, chemical, and physical soil functions/processes (describe one function/process for each, so three in total). B. (10 pts) Soil fertility is the capacity to support plant productivity. Describe how two of the functions/processes described above for SOM impact soil fertility.

A. (10 pts) Describe two key practices that distinguish organic from conventional agriculture, including one related to nutrient management. B. (10 pts) Compare how yields and environmental impacts (expressed per unit of area vs. per unit of productivity) differ between the two types of agricultural systems.