Which of the following pathologies is a rare, benign renal tumor that is usually solitary, common in men in their 60’s, and may appear as a central stellate scarring pattern on ultrasound?

The left adrenal gland _____.

You discovered what appears to be a soft tissue mass in the urinary bladder. Which of the following techniques would you use to further investigate this mass?

This paitent was referred for a sonogram of the abdomen for right upper quadrant pain. Above is an image of the left kidney. What is the most likely explaination for the findings on the image?

In cases of nephrocalcinosis, calcium deposits are usually located in the renal _____.

Which of the following conditions would NOT be a cause of a thickened urinary bladder wall?

You detect irregular thickening of the urinary bladder wall in a 63 year old male with hydronephrosis and hydroureter on the left. Which of the following would you suspect?

 This is a coronal longitudinal image of the left kidney.  What grade/degree of hydronephrosis is present on this image?

Which of the following is not a cause of a thickened urinary bladder wall?

Adult polycystic kidney disease may be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT  ____.