Please explain El Nino, including the atmospheric and oceanic conditions prior to and during the event. This question is worth up to ten bonus points.

This organism has a shell of calcium carbonate, needle-like pseudopods, and its fossils can form limestone and the cliffs of Dover?

This is the submerged outer edge of a continent?

This scientist emphasized environmental pressures on varieties and species  forcing them to become adapted to their local environment

This is when you have the same concentration of dissolved substances inside/outside the organism?

In this type of asexual reproduction you have the splitting of one organism into two smaller organisms of equal size 

This sort of sediment comes from land?

These organisms are photosynthetic important primary producers, and have a shell of silica called a frustule?

The dark, vast bulk of the ocean where sunlight never reaches?

These organisms have a symbiotic relationship with corals?