If additional steel reinforcement in a column prevents concrete from expanding outward under compression, then logically it follows that _______.

The textbook discusses six methods commonly used to design rectangular columns subjected to biaxial loads.

Tied columns cannot be circular-shaped.

Compute the axial compressive strength Pn and moment capacity Mn of the following tied column when the largest strain in the concrete is 0.003 and the strain in the tension reinforcement is 0.003. Note that you should not include φ in the answer and that you should not consider Pn,max.b = 14 in.h = 22 in.Clear cover to ties = 1.5 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 6Size of longitudinal bars = No. 7Size of ties = No. 4Concrete strength = 8,000 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of ties = 40,000 psi

Almost universally, an even number of bars is used in rectangular columns, so that the column is symmetrical about the axis of bending.

The result of spacing ties further apart is _______ lateral resistance and _______ danger of buckling.

People exercising can cause vibration problems in buildings.

In small buildings, concrete strength in the columns is often higher than that in the floors.

Determine the maximum axial strength φPn,max for the following circular spiral column.Column diameter, h = 24 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 16Size of longitudinal bars = No. 8Size of spirals = No. 3Concrete strength = 2,500 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of spirals = 60,000 psi

Determine the required splice length for the epoxy-coated longitudinal bars in the following tied column made of lightweight concrete. Assume that some of the longitudinal bars are in tension and that the connection should be designed as a Class B contact lap splice. Use ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.2 to calculate the development length, and assume that the ties satisfy the Code minimum.Column width, b = 22 in.Column thickness, h = 18 in.Clear cover to ties = 1.5 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 14Size of longitudinal bars = No. 7Size of ties = No. 3Concrete strength = 7,500 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of ties = 40,000 psi