an approach to infection control in which all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious.

elected or appointed official of a local community who may or may not have medical training and holds inquests concerning sudden, violent, and unexplained deaths.

A 34-year-old man presents with painful penile swelling after intercourse. Exam reveals inability to retract the foreskin over the glans penis. Which process explains his condition?

A 58-year-old man presents with flank pain and hematuria. CT reveals a renal mass with renal vein invasion. Which process explains his condition?

A 41-year-old woman presents with infertility and severe dysmenorrhea. Pelvic ultrasound reveals ectopic endometrial tissue on the ovaries. Which process explains her condition?

A 32-year-old woman presents with severe dysmenorrhea and infertility. Laparoscopy reveals ectopic endometrial tissue on the ovaries. Which process explains her condition?

A 55-year-old man presents with progressive hearing loss in both ears. He denies pain. Audiogram shows symmetric high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Which process explains his condition?

A 29-year-old patient has episodic unilateral vision loss with eye pain (optic neuritis), and months later develops limb numbness and weakness that partially improves. MRI brain shows periventricular plaques; CSF has oligoclonal bands. Which process explains this disease?

A 67-year-old man presents with progressive dysphagia, weight loss, and aspiration. Barium swallow shows bird-beak narrowing of the distal esophagus. Which process explains his condition?

A 32-year-old man presents with eye pain, photophobia, and decreased vision. He recently recovered from a viral URI. Slit-lamp exam shows dendritic corneal ulcer. Which process explains his condition?