A 64-year-old man presents with progressive peripheral vision loss. Intraocular pressure is 28 mmHg (normal 10–21 mmHg). Optic disc cupping is present. Which process explains his disease?

A 64-year-old patient reports morning headaches, nausea, and brief episodes of blurred vision. Funduscopic exam shows papilledema. MRI reveals a frontal lobe mass with surrounding vasogenic edema. Which process explains the symptoms?

A 28-year-old man presents with generalized tonic–clonic seizures. MRI shows a ring-enhancing lesion with surrounding edema. Which process explains his presentation?

A 79-year-old woman presents with progressive central vision loss making it hard to read. Fundus exam shows drusen deposits and geographic atrophy in the macula. Which process explains her disease?

A 70-year-old patient has resting tremor, bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, and a shuffling gait. Which pathophysiologic process underlies these findings?

A 60-year-old woman from Mexico presents with thickened scaling plaques on her elbows and nail pitting. Which process explains her illness?

A 74-year-old man presents with weight loss, chronic cough, and fever. CXR: cavitary lesion in upper lobe. Which process explains his condition?

A 25-year-old man collapses while running. Autopsy shows thickened interventricular septum. Which process explains his sudden death?

A 27-year-old incarcerated Hispanic man presents with fever, cough, and hemoptysis. CXR shows cavitary lesion in the upper lobe. Which process explains his disease?

A 32-year-old Asianman presents to ED after collapsing during exercise. He is resuscitated. Imaging shows hypertrophied interventricular septum. Which process explains his collapse?