A 62-year-old man presented with the chief complaints of fatigue and difficulty breathing. During the history the patient reported that he had suffered some chest pain, but attributed it to indigestion. Auscultation detected fluid in the lungs and a harsh murmur was present throughout systole. An electrocardiogram (EKG) showed signs of an antero-inferior myocardial infarction and a two-dimensional echocardiogram revealed a ruptured papillary muscle in the left ventricle. The patient was diagnosed with acute mitral regurgitation secondary to a myocardial infarction. The opening of the mitral valve is anchored in the

A 28-year-old laborer presented with scrotal pain and a frequent urge to urinate. During the history, he stated that the scrotal pain was of gradual onset and that he was vaccinated against mumps. The physical examination noted a swollen scrotum and a tenderness of the right epididymis. The test was negative for testicular torsion and the testes were normal. The cremasteric reflex was also normal. The patient was diagnosed with epididymitis. How should this patient be treated.

A 19-year-old man was involved in a morning motor vehicle collision. As he was driving, another vehicle collided with the driver’s door of his car, causing trauma to the left side of his abdomen. Although he complained of minor pain, he declined medical treatment. Later that afternoon, he noticed additional pain in his left shoulder and his family observed mild pallor. He decided to seek medical treatment at the nearest emergency department. The physical examination revealed tachycardia, tachypnea, and percussion tenderness over the left upper abdominal quadrant. Suspecting a ruptured spleen, imaging studies were ordered, which confirmed the diagnosis. The patient underwent a successful splenectomy. Consider the anatomical relationships of the spleen that the surgeon must be aware of in performing a splenectomy. The spleen has several anatomical neighbors that typically leave their impression on the organ. Which anatomical structure is not one of them.

The nurse is assisting with planning care for a client who has a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Which of the following relates to a high mortality rate for a client who has an SAH?

A nurse is providing discharge instruction to the family of an elderly patient who has Parkinson’s disease. Which of the following information should the nurse provide?

A nurse is caring for a client who is newly diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. The client states, “I have no idea why I got this.” Which of the following is the most appropriate statement?

Which of the following pairs of DNA repair systems will repair pyrimidine dimers?          

A set of overlapping DNA fragments that form a contiguous stretch of DNA is called a  

In order to be functional, a eukaryotic chromosome requires all of the following except    

A woman has a condition where all of her gametes undergo nondisjunction of chromosome 21 in meiosis I, but meiosis II proceeds normally. She mates with a man who produces all normal gametes. What is the probability that the fertilized egg will develop into a child with Down syndrome? Assume that all gametes and zygotes are viable.