“B” is pointing to the

This test is closed book and closed notes and must be your sole, individual work.Answer each question with a single answer unless otherwise stated.Click on the pdf file Vo_2.pdf below in order to view your cheat sheet.

The power of party leaders in the House and Senate is drastically different, which has implications for both the content of policy and the policy’s ultimate fate. In the Senate, leadership has less control over the chamber’s affairs and its members, while in the House, leadership has significant control over the chamber’s affairs and its members. Why is Senate leadership, in comparison to House leadership, less powerful? Provide 2 reasons. Be thorough.

____________________ committees are (usually) temporary fixtures operating within a single congressional chamber that oversee, study, and investigate an event to produce a set of recommendations. Once they produce the recommendations, they are disbanded.

If senators evenly split their support for and rejection of a bill, the _________________ is called into the chamber to break the tie.

In 2021, following the publication of congressional district maps drawn by the Democratic state legislature of Illinois, Republican Representative Adam Kinzinger (IL-11) announced that he would retire at the conclusion of his term rather than compete against his fellow colleague, Republican Representative Darin LaHood (IL-16), in the 2022 midterms. Reporters noted that his district had been gerrymandered, which likely influenced his decision not to seek reelection. That said, what kind of gerrymandering occurred and influenced former Representative Kinzinger’s decision to avoid seeking reelection?

The _______________________ is recognized as the top party leader–or the public face of his or her party.

When it comes to developing a stronger, more effective homestyle, lawmakers can present, stylize, or tailor themselves to appeal and relate to their constituents. When they return to their districts or states, they might demonstrate or adopt a person-to-person style or issue-oriented style. Select one category of interest below, note which style (person-to-person or issue-oriented) would best fit the lawmakers being compared below, and explain why you think that lawmaker fits the style. In other words, make a claim and defend your claim… Categories + Lawmakers: Regional Differences: Southern lawmaker vs. a lawmaker from the North/West Coast Tenure: Freshman lawmaker (1st year) vs. lawmaker with seniority (e.g., 10th year) Ambition: A lawmaker motivated to obtain higher office vs. a lawmaker that is content with their position Geographic Differences: An urban lawmaker vs. a rural lawmaker District Composition: Lawmaker that serves a district that is deeply Republican/Democratic vs. a lawmaker that serves a swing district (split evenly between the parties)

If a bill is vetoed by the president, members of Congress are allowed to revise (i.e., edit) and resubmit the bill for presidential consideration and approval.

American parties are decentralized (i.e., weak), where the party’s members share a label, and all members are required to share the same policy interests and coordinate their actions in office.