Pyelonephritis is infection of the kidneys, whereas cystitis is infection of the bladder.

Heart murmurs are detected in about ________ of horses 20 years old and older.

The wilted leaves of what tree species are highly toxic to a horse’s kidneys?

Horses are hindgut fermenters and rely on bacteria in large intestine to digest cellulose.

Which piece of equipment do we use to help find out if a horse has pain in its feet?

What is the most common heart murmur in older horses?

During this phase of wound healing, there is restoration of functional tissue, this often leaves scarring at the end of the process, but the overall goal is to return to normal function.

This condition occurs in about 20% of older horses, donkeys, and ponies.

This local anesthetic has a duration time of 1-1.5 hours and can be irritating when administered.

Recurrent Airway Obstruction is also known as: