During the Renaissance, people began to believe in ___________, a major paradigm shift from the ways of thought during the medieval era, where a life of penance in a feudal system was considered the accepted standard of life. It focuses on human nature, its diverse spectrum, and all its accomplishments.

The ____________ is a large book (collection) of songs sponsored by King Alfonso the Wise and includes many illustrations of individuals playing instruments.

Which of the following happened as a result of the enlightenment? (select all that apply).

Why were the Medieval (Middle Ages) also referred to as the Dark Ages?   

During the fall of 1802, Beethoven composed a letter to his brothers that included his last will and testament, a document that we’ve come to know as the _________________, named after the small town north of the Viennese city center, where he was staying.

______________ invented the musical notation system during the Middle Ages/Medieval period. 

Medieval musicians and composers, as well as much of European nobility in the Middle Ages, were particularly invested in what we call ________. This is love for a beloved without any concern for whether or not the love will be returned. 

In The Four Seasons, Vivaldi used the technique of ______________ which are sharp contrasts of volume.   Example:

The most popular styles of dancing during the Baroque period were the ________, _________, _________, and ________.

In an opera, everything is sung using recitatives and arias, and in a musical, characters have spoken lines in between songs.