The AGACNP is evaluating a patient in the ED with chronic low back pain and considering additional pharmacologic treatment prior to discharge. Balancing control of a patient’s chronic pain with prevention of potential opioid overdose is important. Which of the following is true? 

From the perspective of Pohl et al. perspective What is a major advance represented in the “butterfly figure” as a meaning for being truly verbal (2 points)

A 65-year-old man with sepsis is started on broad-spectrum antibiotics (vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam). Cultures later grow methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?

A 58-year-old woman with a history of poorly controlled diabetes presents with altered mental status and deep, rapid respirations. Laboratory studies reveal a high anion gap metabolic acidosis. After confirming the elevated anion gap, which of the following is the most appropriate next step in acid-base analysis, and why is this step clinically important?

 Assessing for elder abuse is imperative with every geriatric encounter and knowledge of risks factors important for the AGACNP to understand and assist in the identification of opportunities for prevention. Which of the following statements is correct? 

A 65-year-old man is admitted to the ICU with septic shock. He is hypotensive despite initial fluid resuscitation. The team is considering further intravenous fluids. Which of the following statements best describes the differences between crystalloid and colloid solutions, including their indications and contraindications?

When using a systematic approach to interpret a chest X-ray, which of the following steps is most critical to perform first?  

A 54-year-old man presents to the emergency department with acute traumatic brain injury and evidence of cerebral edema on CT scan. He is intubated and sedated. Which of the following intravenous fluids is most appropriate for the acute management of his cerebral edema?

Screenshot 2025-08-26 at 15-06-24 Assessment.png Identify abnormality on this chest film:

A 72-year-old woman presents with confusion and serum sodium of 122 mmol/L. She recently started sertraline for depression and is also taking carbamazepine for trigeminal neuralgia. Which of the following medications is most likely responsible for her hyponatremia due to SIADH?