INSTRUCTIONS: A) Fill out a truth table for the following pairs of statements, and then B) state whether the statements are logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent, or inconsistent. Be sure to identify the main operator of each statement and show all of your work. ∼ (K  ⊃  G)    and    G  ∨  ∼ K You may copy the first line of a table for these statements (with a slash separating each statement) from here: ~ (K ⊃  G) / G ∨ ~ K

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for the following multiple choice questions.In the expression “If a nation engages in torture, then it loses moral authority in the world community,” the statement “A nation engages in torture” is called the:

INSTRUCTIONS: A) Fill out a truth table for the following statement, and then B) state whether the statement is tautologous, self-contradictory, or contingent. Be sure to identify the main operator and show all of your work. (R  •  B)  ≡  (B  ⊃  ∼ R)   You may copy the first row of a table from here: (R •  B) ≡ (B ⊃ ~ R)

INSTRUCTIONS: The following problems relate to identifying and evaluating inductive and deductive arguments. Select the best answer for each.More than 99% of all airplane flights land safely. Therefore, probably the next flight to depart from JFK International Airport will land safely.

INSTRUCTIONS: The following problems relate to identifying and evaluating inductive and deductive arguments. Select the best answer for each.Valerie Nelson’s last three novels sold well over a million copies each. She’s now finished a new novel, and it has gotten better reviews than the earlier ones. Hence, her new novel should sell over a million copies, too.

Proposition 1BGiven the following proposition: ∼[(A  ∨  ∼ B)  ⊃  X]  ⊃  [∼ Y  ⊃  (A  •  X)]In Proposition 1B, the main operator is a:

Proposition 1DGiven the following proposition: ∼ (A  •  ∼ X)  ≡  [A  ⊃  (Y  ∨  ∼ B)]In Proposition 1D, the main operator is a:

​ ​ INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each multiple choice question.An argument that proceeds from knowledge of an effect to a claim about a cause is:

​ ​ INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each. Two million children have been killed in armed conflicts in the last decade. Three times as many have been injured or permanently disabled. Millions of others have been forced to take part in or witness horrifying acts of violence. In countless cases the impact of armed conflict on children’s lives remains invisible. The children themselves may be removed from the public, in institutions, or survive as victims of prostitution. But those who have lost parents often experience humiliation, rejection and discrimination, and suffer in silence as their self-esteem crumbles. Child Rights Information Network