The Exclusionary Rule applies to police, the executive branch of government, and private persons.

You stay over with a friend for the night.  The police enter the home and arrest your friend with a warrant.  They search you and find a bag of marijuana in your pants pocket and arrest you too!  Are you protected by the 4th Amendment against unreasonable search and seizure? TRUE = Yes, you are protected but take the ride. FALSE = No, you are not protected and you take the ride

In the prior question about “running man,” by what exception to the exclusionary rule can the officers arrest him?

Fortunately, the exclusionary rule, which keeps improperly obtain evidence from being used in court, is also excluded in civil cases.

The Inevitable Discovery Rule, oddly, says that in some circumstances, evidence that was illegally discovered may be admitted into court if it could be shown that the evidence would have been eventually and inevitably discovered.

The exclusionary rule keeps out evidence from the courtroom that was improperly or illegally obtained.

The hearsay rule and its exceptions developed over a 800-year history in English and American law.

The Confrontation Clause in the Declaration of Independence states that the clause entitles a defendant in a criminal case to demand witnesses to testify against him in his presence.

Your co-worker Carl was murdered.  At the trial, Fred, a neighbor across the street from Carl’s house (where he was found murdered) told the police, and at trial testifies, he saw you in Carl’s car on the night he was murdered.  You end up being arrested for Carl’s murder.  In a deposition taken prior to the trial, your attorney was present and able to cross-examine Fred.  Fred stated at that deposition that you were not in the Carl’s car.  Is Fred’s earlier statement hearsay? Yes, the earlier statement is hearsay =True No, the earlier statement is not hearsay = False *Hint:  don’t forget that hearsay is not admitted into court.  You gotta think, “Do I want that deposition statement to be entered into court or not?  

The hearsay rule is important because history revealed that “defendants” in court were victimized by English Criminal Courts allowing anonymous accusers and absentee witnesses to testify against defendants.