A 45-year-old man presents with vertical diplopia that worse…
A 45-year-old man presents with vertical diplopia that worsens when going downstairs. On examination, the right eye is elevated in adduction, and he tilts his head to the left to compensate. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected, and what are its name, number, function, and exit foramen?
Read DetailsA 6-year-old child with medulloblastoma develops bradycardia…
A 6-year-old child with medulloblastoma develops bradycardia, respiratory irregularities, and sudden coma. Physical exam reveals nuchal rigidity and extensor posturing. MRI shows downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum compressing the medulla. Which type of herniation is occurring?
Read DetailsA 5-year-old boy presents with colicky abdominal pain, bilio…
A 5-year-old boy presents with colicky abdominal pain, bilious vomiting, and distension. Abdominal X-ray reveals air-fluid levels consistent with small bowel obstruction. At surgery, a fibrous band is found connecting the ileum to the umbilicus, with a blind-ending pouch along the antimesenteric border. Which embryologic structure failed to involute?
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