Use the histogram and Q-Q Plot below to detect deviations from normality.

Questions 68 to 75 come from material covered in BIO8043 (Ecology & the Environment)

In mathematical models of ecological processes, what do equilibrium points tell us?

A researcher wants to determine if the average growth of a specific plant species is affected by different types of soil. They set up an experiment with three groups: Group 1: Plants are grown in sandy soil. Group 2: Plants are grown in clay soil. Group 3: Plants are grown in loamy soil. After six weeks, the researcher measures the height of each plant in centimeters. The goal is to figure out if there is a statistically significant difference in the average plant height among the three soil types. What statistical test would you run to analyze this data?

Question Set 1 SA1: Comparing DNA with RNA, identify 1 similarity and 3 differences. SA2: Write out the first 10 ribonucleotides of the RNA transcript generated from the DNA sequence below if the bottom strand was the ‘template strand’ and +1 indicates the transcriptional start site. SA3: Single-stranded DNA is often used as a ‘probe’ for the detection of complementary sequences in Northern, Southern, or FISH-based methodologies. Identify one approach that could be used to ‘label’ this probe and briefly describe the approach that would be used to detect/monitor this ‘label’. SA4: Provide a definition for a plasmid. Identify 2 DNA elements commonly found on a plasmid and list the function for one of these elements. SA5: Identify 2 enzymes that are required for DNA replication in vivo but are not used in PCR-based DNA synthesis in vitro. For each, list their role in the in vivo DNA replication process. SA6: Briefly describe the enzymatic function of Dicer and Argonaut/RISC, two proteins in the RNAi pathway. SA7: Provide a definition for 2 terms selecting from: epitope, paratope, and antibody. SA8: Identify the type of information that can be learned by immunocytochemistry that cannot be determined by an ELISA. SA9: Given that only 25% of the mammalian genome includes coding sequence (introns and exons), describe what comprises the remaining 75% of the genome making sure to give one specific example. SA10: Identify two types of information that can be obtained through a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. SA11: Explain the roles for sodium dodecyl sulfate, reducing agents, and heat in protein sample preparation for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

The table below describes a survey of people’s favorite flavors of ice cream. Assume there is no preference for the flavor of ice cream under a null hypothesis. Thus, the probability of choosing any one flavor is 0.333 for chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry respectively.  Survey of favorite ice cream flavors Ice Cream Flavor Observed (Frequency of People Surveyed) Chocolate 37 Vanilla 23 Strawberry 14 Total 74 Using the information above, calculate the X2 value.

Questions 76 to 91 come from material covered in BIO8053 (Comprehensive Study of Animals)

Questions 41 to 63 come from material covered in BIO6043 (Developmental & Reproductive Biology)

Questions 60 to 64 come from material covered in BIO8023 (Modern Microbiology)

Identify the names for each of the chambers (represented by numbers) and valves (represented by letters) in the image of a heart below. Present answers in the following format: ‘Chamber 1 is’ and ‘Valve A is’