INSTRUCTIONS: The following problems relate to identifying and evaluating inductive and deductive arguments. Select the best answer for each.All aerobic exercises are calorie burners and all calorie burners are weight reducers. Thus, all aerobic exercises are weight reducers.

​ INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.It is a fact that major life forms now on earth were not at all represented in the past. There were no birds or mammals 250 million years ago. It is a fact that major life forms of the past are no longer living. There used to be dinosaurs and Pithecanthropus, and there are none now. It is a fact that all living forms came from previously living forms. Therefore, all present forms of life arose from ancestral forms that were different: birds arose from nonbirds and humans from nonhumans. R.C. Lewontin, “Evolution/Creation Debate: A Time for Truth”

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each multiple choice question.Which of the following are all conclusion indicators?

​ INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage in 1912 because it collided with an iceberg. Four of the ship’s 16 watertight compartments could have been flooded without the ship sinking. However the iceberg tore several gashes in the hull, flooding 5 of these compartments.

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for the following multiple choice questions.Which of the following are all deductive arguments?

INSTRUCTIONS: A) Fill out a truth table for the following argument, and then B) state whether the statement is valid or invalid. If the argument is invalid, identify the line(s) that prove that it is invalid. Be sure to identify the main operator of each statement and show all of your work. N  ≡  D   /   D  ⊃  ∼ N   //   ∼ NYou may copy the first line of a truth table for this argument from here: N ≡ D / D ⊃ ~ N // ~ N

INSTRUCTIONS: A) Fill out a truth table for the following argument, and then B) state whether the statement is valid or invalid. If the argument is invalid, identify the line(s) that prove that it is invalid. Be sure to identify the main operator of each statement and show all of your work. S  ∨  L   /   L  ⊃  ∼ S   //   S  ∨  ∼ L You may copy the first line of a truth table for this argument from here: S ∨ L / L ⊃ ~ S // S ∨ ~ L

INSTRUCTIONS: A) Fill out a truth table for the following argument, and then B) state whether the statement is valid or invalid. If the argument is invalid, identify the line(s) that prove that it is invalid. Be sure to identify the main operator of each statement and show all of your work. P  ∨  J   /   ∼(J  •  ∼ P)   //   J  ≡  ∼ PYou may copy the first line of a truth table for this argument from here: P ∨ J / ~ (J • ~ P) // J ≡ ~ P

INSTRUCTIONS: The following problems relate to identifying and evaluating inductive and deductive arguments. Select the best answer for each.Pencil lead is composed of pure carbon, and pencil lead is very cheap.  Diamonds, like pencil lead, are composed of pure carbon.  Therefore, probably diamonds are very cheap.

The truth table for the following statement has how many lines? [N  ≡  (S  •  J)]  ⊃  [S  ⊃  (N  ⊃  J)]