Examine the function prototype and MIPS implementation below.   // sets *value = (*value) * 2^pow using shifting instructions int multMemPow2(int *value, unsigned int pow);   multMemPow2:   1 lw $v0, 0($a0) # load value 2 loop: beq $a1, $0, exit # exit condition 3 sll $v0, $v0, 1 # multiply by 2 4 addi $a1, $a1, -1 # decrement counter 5 sw $v0, 0($a0) # store result 6 j loop 7 exit: jr $ra   We are using a 5 – stage MIPS pipelined datapath with separate I$ and D$ that can read and write to registers in a single cycle. Assume no other optimizations (no forwarding, no branch prediction, etc.). The default behavior is to stall when necessary. Branch checking is done during the Execute stage.   For parts (1)‐(3), let pow=1. When we ask for clock cycles to execute multMemPow2, we mean from the instruction fetch of lw up to and including the write back of jr.   How many instructions are executed in multMemPow2?

Consider each of the following sets of instructions. Decide the minimum number of stalls needed in each case with and without forwarding. Assume the five stage MIPS pipeline discussed in class and that equality for branches are checked at the Decode stage. Assume delayed branching.  Number of stalls required?   Without forwarding With forwarding addiu $t1, $t0, 5 addu $t4, $t3, $t1 addu $t0, $t3, $t0     lw $t0, 4($s0) addu $t1, $t2, $t3 beq t0, t1, Done addu $t5, $t5, $s5       lw t1, 0($s0) sw t1, 0($s1)     addu $t0, $s0, $t1 lw $t1 8($t0)    

In an attempt to improve cache performance, you try a new strategy. You think that because your L1 cache has a hit rate of 90%, you could improve the AMAT by randomly going straight to memory 10% of the time instead of first checking the L1 cache. Assuming the cache has a hit time of 5 cycles, and memory has an access time of 100 cycles, calculate the AMAT for this “improved” system.      Average Memory Access Time =                                                                               cycles  

How many clock cycles does it take to execute multMemPow2? Show your answer in the pipelining table below.     Cycle # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 lw                                               beq                                               sll                                               addi                                               sw                                               j                                               beq                                               jr                                              

Advance heads-up:  Look for an ad to share. In next week’s Class Discussion, Monday-Tuesday, you’ll find, post and critique an ad. It can be a video/TV ad, a radio commercial, a billboard ad, or a newspaper ad. I’ll share some ads with you from time to time. This is your chance to share one with us and evaluate its effectiveness.

A victim’s estate filed a wrongful death action against a defendant, alleging that she murdered the victim. The victim was killed at 3:00pm, and the defendant has claimed that she could not have done it because she was at work when it happened. At trial, the victim’s estate called the defendant’s co-worker to the stand, expecting him to say that he noticed the defendant leave the office at 2:00pm on the day of the murder. However, on direct examination, the co- worker testified that he saw the defendant leave the office at around 4:00pm. After giving theco-worker the opportunity to explain or deny his statement made at his deposition that the defendant left the office at 2:00pm on the day of the murder, the victim’s estate seeks to introduce the deposition statement into evidence.  Is the co-worker’s statement from the deposition admissible?

Moe’s current on-premises server often crashes during peak times, After researching cloud services, Moe discovered that cloud platforms can automatically add more computing power during busy periods, he would only pay for what he actually uses, and if one server fails, another one takes over immediately without any downtime. These are the exact features he needs so Moe has begun the process of moving his servers to the cloud. Which combination of cloud characteristics would provide Moe with the specific benefits he is interested in?

Willie works as a data center technician for a cloud provider. During his shift, he observes the following situations: (1) When he needs to replace a failed hard drive in a storage array, he can remove it while the system continues running without any downtime; (2) The facility automatically maintains optimal temperature and humidity levels without his intervention; (3) When one power supply fails, backup systems immediately take over to prevent any service interruption. Which combination of three data center design features is Willie observing in action?

Krusty’s company is considering different cloud deployment options. He wants to use cloud services from multiple vendors to avoid vendor lock-in and leverage specialized services from different providers. Which cloud deployment model would best meet Krusty’s requirements?

Lenny is developing a software application that will serve multiple companies simultaneously. Each company needs to customize the interface, business rules, and data fields while keeping their information completely separate from other companies. What type of application architecture should Lenny implement?