In Massachussetts v. Carlson (2006), the court found that the Defendant was liable for the deceased’s death even though she did not die on the scene and she later made the decision to refuse life saving measures. Which concept best explains why the Defendant was still held criminally responsible for her death?

TRUE/FALSE.  A statute provides, “If any two or more persons conspire or agree together to do any illegal act, they shall be guilty of conspiracy.” This statute would most likely be classified as reflecting a unilateral theory of conspiracy.

Which of the following sentences best represents the goal of restraint (incapacitation) in criminal punishment?

In Rosemond v. US (2014), the dissenting opinion criticized the majority for improperly shifting a potential necessity or duress affirmative defense to the prosecution. 

Which of the following best distinguishes criminal law from civil law?

Elsa pushes Anna into a pool knowing Anna can’t swim. Elsa did not want Anna to die knew it was practically certain to occur. Anna does indeed die from drowning  Elsa is charged with a crime. What was Elsa’s mental state as defined by the Model Penal Code?

What is something a judge order a defendant (or person being sued) in both civil and criminal cases?

TRUE/FALSE. To commit embezzlement, the defendant must have lawful possession of the property at the time of the alleged theft.

TRUE/FALSE. At the time Ellen Gartland went to trial in NJ v. Gartland, the law in New Jersey did not require a co-habitant to retreat from another co-habitant. 

Which of the following evidentiary issues is least likely to arise in drug crime investigations, based on the lecture?